| 摘要: |
| 基于多源数据和智能技术的大数据技
术为城市规划与建筑师提供了客观认知和重塑
健康人居环境的方法和途径。当前，大数据技
术在城市人居健康设计领域已形成了若干研究
和实践探索，本文旨在厘清这些研究的内容体
系、现状问题和潜在应用方向，帮助研究和设计
者应对人居健康设计发展中现实问题。首先，结
合健康中国规划纲要和战略，提出将人类从“疾
病预防”到“健康促进”紧密联系的城市开放
空间、医疗建筑、医养结合设施作为关键议题；
在此基础上，进一步对大数据技术在人居健康
设计中的交叉研究进展——包括“健康效益量
化”“医疗设计效率”和“医养结合协同”三个
方面——进行总结梳理，并分别论述了研究与
设计环节出现的问题和未来应用发展的路径；
最后提出未来依托大数据技术构建医养结合服
务模式转型设计策略的构想。本文为数据驱动
下的健康设计发展提供了参考。 |
| 关键词: 数据驱动 健康人居场景 医疗设计 医养结合 人工智能 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240406 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078072）；中央
高校基本科研业务费项目（2024CDJXY014）；国
家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52308008，
52308005） |
|
| “Digital Health”: Discussion on the development of human settlement design driven by data仲 |
|
ZHONG Wen,LONG Hao
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of a series of problems and challenges brought about by population growth
and urban sprawl in the past three decades, problems and explorations have emerged in the planning
and design aspects of open environment, public medical facilities, elderly care facilities, existing
residential areas and other components of human settlements, such as environmental optimization,
facility renovation, and functional transformation. The emergence of multi-source data and
professional digital analysis tools can not only help planning and construction practitioners find
problems more efficiently and accurately, but also provide scientific solutions and optimization
methods, which is an important way for the development of the current healthy settlements design.
With the increasing concern and demand for health among humans, the World Health
Organization’s concept of health has gradually shifted from the absence of diseases to disease
prevention, health promotion, and ultimately to achieving comprehensive human health. As space
carriers closely related to human habitation and life, hospital buildings, urban open spaces, elderly
care buildings, residential areas, office buildings, and many other aspects of their design serve and
affect various levels of human health. For example, hospital buildings directly related to human
health have a significant impact on the efficiency of patient medical treatment due to their traffic flow
and departmental spatial layout; the urban spatial form and environmental quality elements further
constitute the value system of human health restorative benefits from physiological, emotional,
and safety dimensions; in the context of aging population with uneven development of medical and
elderly care, the functional configuration and spatial scale of medical and elderly care facilities
greatly affect the health and elderly care needs of the elderly population.
In order to response to above questions and challenges, this paper refers to the planning outline
and strategy of Healthy China, combined with specific practices, and selects three important spatial
scenes closely related to human life, which are closely related to “disease prevention” and “health
promotion”. The cross research progress of big data technology in human health design, including
“quantification of health benefits”, “efficiency of medical design”, and “collaboration of medical and
elderly care”, is summarized and sorted out, and the derived problems in the research and design
stages are discussed separately, including “how to more accurately and comprehensively quantify
health impacts”, “how to combine digital technology to assist scientific decision-making and
strengthen design”, “how to create a data interconnection platform to efficiently and conveniently
realize the health demands of stakeholders”.
In terms of the previous discussion, this article puts forward the following points of 扴畨楥氠摦極湴杵?瑥爊慤湥獶晥潬牯浰慭瑥楮潴渺??慩湲摳?敬獹琬愠扴汨楥猠桡楤湶条?慣?畭湥楮癴攠牯獦愠汮?摷攠獴楥杣湨?浯敬瑯桧潩摥?映潲牥?瑡桴敥?琠牴慯渠獶晩潲牴浵慡瑬椠潲湥?潬晩?浹攠摣楡据愠汭?慲湥搠?敦汦摩散物汥祮?捬慹爊敡?獤攠牡癣楣捵敲?晴略湬捹琠楣潯湮獳??極獣?琠桱敵?浮慴楩湴?摴楩牶敥挠瑣楯潲湲?晬潡牴?景畮瑳甠牢敥?敷硥灥汮漠牭慵瑬楴潩湰?e links between the built environment
and human health. For example, not only can traditional observation and recording methods be optimized
by controlling variable experiments to eliminate the drawbacks of many interference factors in the
real environment, but also provides opportunities for project stakeholders to make advance predictions
and guidance before design, making it convenient for designers to improve the trial and error and final
satisfaction of the design through a simulation evaluation optimization feedback mechanism before
implementing the plan, and thus practicing “law research”; secondly, on a digital platform based on BIM,
building information modeling cloud data, analysis, and simulation are introduced into the communicationand decision-making process: on the one hand, it facilitates research and designers to learn from past designs; on the other hand, it also promotes the establishment of
an efficient operating mode of “design evaluation feedback optimization design”; at the same time, the integrated building information in the platform also provides
data and convenience for generative design and optimization. The integration of VR/AR technology with BIM can also facilitate cross disciplinary communication
and collaboration, achieving humanized participatory design. Thirdly, digitization and AIGC technologies have developed to a relatively mature stage in the
renovation and design of existing buildings, including optimization of layout and spatial organization, facade design, form generation, and optimization of building
environmental performance. However, a clear path from top-level design to transformational design strategy has not yet been established, and design methods in
practice still rely on traditional subjective experience. Therefore, relying on big data to drive the construction of quantitative indicators for |
| Key words: data-driven healthy settlements scene healthcare design combination of medical & elderly care artificial intelligence |
