| 摘要: |
| 在健康中国战略的背景下，以创造支
持性环境和实现社会公平正义为导向的“主动
促进”，已成为风景园林学科在深化人与自然
和谐关系上的新议题。为此，本文引入公共健
康领域的“扩大、延伸、增强的机会理论”（即
TEO，the theory of expanded, extended, and
enhanced opportunities），利用该理论对现有
“自然—健康”的实证成果进行梳理，提出了
TEO概念下自然环境对公共健康的主动促进框
架，在“健康绩效”和“健康公平”的核心目标
下，从扩大自然接触的积极影响、增强环境体验
的感知能力、和延伸社会协同的服务方向三方
面阐述了促进过程中的关键路径。旨在获得不同
蓝绿空间的要素资源对个体健康水平的最大促
进绩效，采取多层设计与多元评价加强群体水
平的健康公平，为未来健康人居环境的体制建
构、利益相关者的共同参与、和规划管理政策
的有效落地提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 健康绩效 健康公平 TEO 风景园林 研究综述 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240308 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:哈尔滨工业大学深圳校区新引进高精尖缺人才科研
启动经费（ZX20230488） |
|
| The active promotion framework of natural environment to public health based on TEOconcepts |
|
ZHANG Shu,HE Jie
|
| Abstract: |
| Content and dimensions of the concept of public health are one of the most critical
and fundamental issues of urban planning and design discipline for overall economic and social
development in modern cities. The COVID-19 outbreak has profound ramifications for multiple
dimensions, ranging from the spatial-temporal features of human settlement in urban and rural
areas, to the mode of producing and living style of the public, such as physical activity, mobility, as
well as health disparities. These led to a rethink of structure and function of the built environment,
and in this process, discussions on how to intervene the urban health problems for cities in China
and overseas have been sharply concerned again since the First Industrial Revolution. Therefore,
contribution of landscape architecture in the relationship between natural environment and public
health has been encouraged to transform from the previous “passive intervention” approaches that
focuses on the prevention and control of environmental pollution and human disease, to the “active
promotion” approaches aimed at creating healthy supportive environment and achieving equity
and justice. However, the distinctions of these approaches have not been clarified enough in current
industry practices. Such a clarification would help to strengthen landscape strategies in the global
plan of action on public health, and to deliver sound health outcomes for human society. To address
this gap, this paper proposes a theoretical framework based on the “theory of expanded, extended
and enhanced opportunities” (TEO), a conceptual model used for health behavior interventions
in public health research field. In this framework, there is a complex interplay between various
elements of the city system that highlights the harmonious existence of the man and the nature as
well as the society. In order to better realize this intergrowth, we firstly demonstrate that a research
paradigm with the goals of “health performance” and “health equity” is the core subject of the active
promotion approaches. Health performance focuses on the material surroundings, which describes
health benefits from various axes of physical, mental as well as social aspects. And health equity
focuses on the immaterial environment, which presents the social reflection of health disparities
and long-term development of health and well-being among different social groups. Then three key
pathways are concluded. The first pathway is to expand the positive impact of natural exposure,
as different types of natural environment (i.e., green space and blue space) have showed potential
to facilitate different health-related behaviors (e.g., physical activity, stress reduction, social
contact, etc.). In this line, national park system and urban green space system planning can actively
respond to the emerging health needs of the public through structural optimization and functional
reorganization with a perspective to the combination of multiple spatial scales, and that elaborate
the natural exposure assessment with indicators of accessibility, availability and visibility. Notably,
visibility is rated as an important motivation to increase opportunity of natural exposure for people,
which provides a solution for the dilemma in metropolitan cities and high densities that vertical
greening and roof garden are demanding coping strategies to ease the shortage of green space, and
prospectively mitigate mental and psychological challenges in difficult working conditions. The
second pathway is to enhance the perceptions of environmental experience, as high level of spatial
quality has presented more potentials to strengthen cognitive emotions and autonomy of individual, |
| Key words: health performance health equity TEO landscape architecture literature review |
