| 摘要: |
| 伴随着生活圈的不断收缩，住区逐渐成
为了老年人日常生活的主要场所，然而，既有住区
的建成环境却往往不能满足老年人生活需求，
影响老年人的生活品质。研究以大连市既有住区
建成环境为对象，基于扎根理论采用拍照、测
绘、半开放式访谈的方法，结合文献梳理，分析
了住区建成环境对老年人生活品质的影响。研究
认为住区建成环境现状问题主要体现于无障碍
设计缺失、规划缺失以及管理缺失。这些问题均
导致了老年人生活品质下降，且主要体现于无法
满足营养需求、安全感需求、卫生需求以及社交
需求。因此，为了提高老年人的生活品质，在进行
建成环境改造时，应该充分考虑导致老年人生
活品质下降背后的动因，并以需求为导向进行统
筹优化。研究认为老年人生活品质是一项综合的指标，通过建成环境的优化能够在一定程度上对其进行提升，但只有建成环境与社会环境协同作
用，才能更有效的提升老年人的生活品质。 |
| 关键词: 生活品质；老年人 既有住区；建成环境；需求导向 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240203 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江苏省卓越博士后计划项目（2022ZB582）；江苏
省高校哲学社会科学研究项目（2022SJYB1452）；
国家自然科学基金面上项目（51978119） |
|
| An empirical study on the impact of residential built environment on the quality of life ofolder people: A case study of existing residential areas in Dalian |
|
YU Wenting,PIAO Zhenghao,ZHANG Lingling,WANG Hongyi,ZHOU Bo
|
| Abstract: |
| As individuals age, due to the decline of physical functions and the weakening of mobility,
the living circle of older people is shrinking, and residential areas have gradually become the
main place for older people’s daily lives. However, in existing residential areas, due to the early
construction and low design standards, there is little age-friendly environmental planning and
design in residential areas. The built environment often cannot meet the living needs of older people,
affecting their normal life, and reducing their quality of life.
This study focuses on the built environment of residential areas in Dalian and its impact on
the quality of life of older people. To conduct this analysis, it utilized grounded theory, including
photography mapping and semi-open interviews, combined with a literature review. Additionally, it
applied Doyal and Gough’s theory of human needs to understand and evaluate the impact of the built
environment on older individuals’ wellbeing.
The study discovered that the current issues with the built environment in residential areas
mainly stem from the lack of barrier-free design in public spaces, inadequate planning of activity
venues and roads for older people, and the insufficient management of public spaces by relevant
community departments. These problems have resulted in a decline in the quality of life for older
people and are primarily reflected in their inability to meet nutritional, security, hygiene, and
social needs. Among these problems, the fear of falling worries about unknown environments,
and shrinking areas are the primary reasons for older people’s reduced sense of security. The lack
of accessibility and visibility and, the unsuitable physical environment of social activity venues
in residential areas, affect the social needs of older people. The lack of convenient channels for
purchasing food ingredients and related services hinders the elderly’s nutritional needs. Also, the
lack of adequate lighting and ventilation in residences, the lack of bathing facilities, and insufficient
accessibility of public bathrooms reduce the hygiene conditions of older people.
Therefore, to improve the quality of life of older people, the factors behind the decline in the quality
of life of older people should be fully considered when renovating the built environment. And demandoriented
overall optimization should be carried out. Among the specific renovation plans, for existing
problems in residential areas, direct renovation without any cost count is the most intuitive solution.
However, due to constraints such as cost and manpower, this solution is not feasible. Therefore, based on
existing resources, making full use of manpower and space within the community to improve the quality
of life of older people is a practical problem faced by residential areas currently.
For example, improving the convenience of nutrition accessibility for older people by
transforming existing idle facilities into community canteens or shared restaurants. Building social
spaces that are convenient for older people in community spaces with high visibility and accessibility
can provide older people with the possibility to participate in social activities. Providing convenientsanitary facilities in existing or unused spaces in residential areas, increasing the illumination of older people’s residences and public areas, and increasing
the indoor temperature can improve the hygiene status of older people and meet their hygiene needs.
Moreover, relevant departments can attract social capital through incentives and subsidies to establish community management service systems
to provide convenient services for older people in their daily lives. Encourage the establishment of mutual aid networks among older people to enhance
community cohesion and sense of community. Bottom-up socialization and mutual assistance are important ways to improve the quality of life and the
happiness of older people. It is only through the collaborative efforts of the built environment and social environment that we can effectively enhance the
living standards of seniors. This study presents a fresh outlook on optimizing the aging suitability of residential areas. |
| Key words: quality of life older people existing residential areas built environment demand orientation |
