| 摘要: |
| 通过对日本岐阜县、爱知县、东京都三
个区域的服务型老年公寓的入住老人进行问卷
调研，解析老人的入住理由和服务型老年公寓
位置选择模式，提出合理规划建设服务型老年
公寓的策略建议。结果显示老人在选择服务型
老年公寓时，重视离自己及子女居住地近的要
素，并在实际入住时，呈现相同趋势。城市化水
平不同的区域，入住老人的护理等级，入住理由
和服务型老年公寓位置选择模式呈现差异性。
根据区域特征差异，分别提出相应规划建设策
略。在我国老龄化程度日益严峻的社会背景之
下，探讨日本服务型老年公寓的规划建设策略，
从中汲取经验，对完善我国老年公寓规划建设，
实现老年人居住环境高质量发展具有重要的启
示意义。 |
| 关键词: 服务型老年公寓选址 老人居住地 子女居住地 区域差异 规划策略 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240111 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:苏州科技大学人才引进与培养科研启动项目（3321
12604） |
|
| The entry reasons and location selection of elderly residents in the elderly housing with supportiveservices in Japan: Based on survey data of elderly residents in Gihu, Aichi and Tokyo |
|
WANG Jitong,SUZUKI Hiroshi
|
| Abstract: |
| As the increasingly severe aging in China, it is difficult for children to take care of their
parents independently, so the importance of the elderly housing becomes prominent. Through a
questionnaire survey of the elderly living in the elderly housing with supportive services in Gihu,
Aichi and Tokyo, Japan, the reasons for the elderly to choose to live in the elderly housing with
supportive services were analyzed. The results show that the elderly attach importance to the factors
close to their own and their children’s residence when choosing the elderly housing with supportive
services, and the same trend is shown in the actual use. In cities with different urbanization levels,
the degree of nursing care of the elderly, the entry reasons, and the mode of the elderly housing
location selection show differences. For example, firstly, In Gifu and Aichi, having a higher
proportion of elderly who are sick and unable to take care of themselves. While in Tokyo, self-care
elderly are mostly, the prevalence rate is relatively low, and relatively healthy women and single
elderly show more trends. Secondly, the elderly surveyed in Gihu value factors such as “close to their
children’s residence”, “close to their own residence” and “recommendation from family members”,
the elderly surveyed in Aichi value factors of “recommendation from family members”, “good
barrier-free environment” and “low charge”, while the elderly surveyed in Tokyo value factors of
“staff has a good attitude” and “close to their children’s residence”. Thirdly, when the residence of
the elderly and their children are located in the same urban town, the proportion of the elderly living
in the elderly housing with supportive services of the same urban town is the highest, and this feature
shows a decreasing trend with the improvement of urbanization level. However, when the residence
of the elderly and their children are located in the different urban town, the elderly surveyed in
Gihu and Aichi tend to live in the elderly housing closer to their own residence, and this feature is
more obvious in Aichi, while the opposite trend is shown in Tokyo. Therefore, when planning and
constructing the elderly housing, it is necessary to grasp the common needs and the special needs
of different cities, so as to reasonably plan the residence of the elderly housing and achieve effective
supply on demand. For example, in metropolitan areas represented by Tokyo, consideration should be
given not only to the proximity to the children's residence, but also to the reality that the majority of
self-care elderly. On the one hand, the service content should be continuously enriched and improved
to meet the diversified needs of self-care elderly, On the other hand, more attention should be paid
to the improvement of service quality and service attitude of the staff. In urban areas represented by
Aichi, consideration should be given to the relationship between the residence of children and the
elderly housing, so as to improve the occupancy rate. In addition, attention should also be paid to
the barrier-free environment of the elderly housing, as well as the reasonable setting of the charge
standard according to the income level of the elderly in the region. In local areas represented by
Gifu, while paying attention to the relationship between the residence of the elderly housing and the
residence of the elderly and their children, it should also actively enrich and improve medical and
nursing services. With reference to the current status of the planning and construction of the elderly housing with supportive services in Japan, combined with the research results of this article, the following opinions are put forward for the planning and
construction of the elderly housing in China. First of all, in the near future, the influence of “one-child policy” will gradually appear, and one young couples
will face the problem of caring for four elderly. It can be inferred from this that when the elderly use the elderly housing, the tendency to choose the elderly
housing closer to their own and their children’s residence will be more pronounced. Therefore, when planning the elderly housing, appropriate consideration
should be given to such conditions to meet the needs of both the elderly and children. Secondly, in China, due to the large area of the country, the level of
urbanization and lifestyles vary between regions, so when planning and constructing the elderly housing, it should fully consider the differences of each
region, based on the aging of the region, the status quo and the diversified care service needs of the elderly realize the effective supply of the elderly housing.
Under the social background of China’s increasingly severe aging degree, discussing the planning and construction strategies of the elderly housing with
supportive services in Japan, and drawing lessons from it, has important enlightenment significance for improving the planning and construction of elderly
housing in China and realizing the high-quality development of the quality of life of the elderly. |
| Key words: site selection of elderly housing with supportive services residence of the elderly residence of children regional differences planning strategy |
