| 摘要: |
| 黄土丘陵沟壑区的乡村聚落在退耕还
林与快速城镇化的影响下，基于传统社会关系
形成的聚居形式难以适应并逐步衰落，需要协
同时空间变化，实现韧性发展。本研究以社会网
络研究小流域乡村聚落空间韧性，构建“拓扑
仿真—韧性评估—空间优化”的研究框架；以
汃河流域为例，基于社会网络对乡村聚落从现
状到未来的多种演变趋势仿真，通过复杂网络
指标对聚落空间韧性评估，并基于韧性评估结
果对流域乡村聚落空间优化。最终确定了区域
村镇体系及公共服务设施建设标准，划分6类乡
村发展类型并提出分类引导建议。近期行政村
数应为29个，人口约为3.89万人，建设用地控制
为466.7 hm2
；远期行政村数应为23个，人口约
为2.91万人，建设用地控制为349.5 hm2
，并形
成“交通廊道乡村带+特色小镇”的理想空间形态。研究成果解决了在复杂变化中揭示乡村聚落空间韧性的科学问题，可为小流域乡村聚落韧性
评估与空间规划提供指导。 |
| 关键词: 小流域 社会网络 空间韧性 韧性评估 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230618 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52178030）；教育部“春晖
计划”合作科研项目（HZKY20220521）；十四五国
家重点研发计划（2022YFC3802803） |
|
| Spatial Resilience Assessment and Optimization of Rural Settlements in Small Watershed Based on Social Network |
|
ZHOU Jizhe,LIU Xirui,LI Qingze,HOU Quanhua,LIU Siqi
|
| Abstract: |
| Under the influence of farmland afforestation and rapid urbanization, it is necessary to
coordinate spatio-temporal changes and follow the path of resilience development for the rural
settlements in the less hilly-gully region because the traditional settlement forms originally formed
based on traditional social relations are difficult to adapt to the development and gradually declining.
The changes in social relations, such as intercourses, services, and consumption between settlements
have made it difficult to maintain the village system. This has led to inappropriate resource allocation
and mismatched public services, resulting in the decline of rural settlements. However, instead of
declining, rural settlements should strive for resilient contraction. It is necessary to optimize the rural
system by classifying and controlling rural settlements. This paper investigated the spatial resilience
of rural settlements in the small watersheds based on social networks, and developed a research
framework which was “topology simulation–resilience evaluation–spatial optimization”. Taking
the Pa river basin as an example, multiple development trends of rural settlements from the present
situation to the future were simulated based on social networks, the spatial resilience of settlements
was evaluated by complex network indicators, and the spatial optimization of rural settlements
in the basin was realized based on the resilience evaluation results. The study found that rural
settlements in the watershed were concentrated in three specific areas, with urban-rural connections
accounting for 48.2% of the total. Two types of social linkages, branching and reticulation, were
identified, and development axes were formed based on river valleys and transportation trunk roads.
In the future, the status of six villages will change, and road axes will gradually replace river valley
axes, resulting in the concentration of core towards the south-western main road. Throughout the
process of settlement development, 16.28% of rural settlements have a significant impact on the
overall landscape. It is recommended that the proportion of relocated villages should be 51.16%. The
settlements exhibited a resilience buffering, self-organization, and recovery capacity that reached
96.55%, 99.11%, and 85.87% of the ideal conditions, respectively. Finally, the regional village system
and the construction standards of public service facilities were determined. Six types of rural
development were divided and the classification guidelines suggestions were proposed. In the near
future, the number of administrative villages should be 29, with a population of about 38 900, and the
construction land should be controlled to 466.7 hectares. In the long term, the administrative villages
will be 23, with a population of about 29 100 people, and the construction land will be controlled to
349.5 hectares, forming the ideal spatial form of “rural belt of traffic corridor+characteristic town”
will be formed. Research has shown that small watershed settlements in the loess hilly-gully region
have developed characteristics of regional agglomeration, road tendency, and urban tendency under
the influence of farmland afforestation and rapid urbanization. The three aspects should be considered
when optimizing the spatial distribution of rural settlements. Firstly, the periphery of the watershed is
typically an important ecological functional area. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the number and
scale of settlements in this area and encourage residents to move to the plateau, valley, and open land, except for villages that operate independently of the settlement system. Secondly, the slope areas within a watershed are often ecologically fragile and disaster prone, leading to conflicts between poorly cultivated land and forest land. In the past, settlements were often established in these areas for defense purposes.
However, it is now recommended that these settlements should be relocated to the roadsides of the valleys or to conveniently located areas in the center of the
plateau. Thirdly, roads play a crucial role as the main medium for material and information exchange with the outside. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on roads
to improve the compactness of the settlement patches and increase the connectivity efficiency of the region. The research results solve the scientific problem
of revealing the spatial resilience of rural settlements in complex changes. It simulates the evolution process of rural settlements from the current situation to
the future using topological networks, enriching the research paradigm of urban and rural planning; constructs four types of spatial evolution models based
on mathematical language descriptions, enriching dynamic simulation methods; proposes seven types of resilience assessment indicators, improving the
technology of spatial resilience assessment. This study can provide guidance for the assessment and spatial planning of rural settlements in small watersheds. |
| Key words: Small Watershed Social Network Spatial Resilience Resilience Assessment |
