| 摘要: |
| 受全球气候变暖及城市热岛效应的双
重影响，高温热浪事件逐渐成为城市面临的主要
灾害之一，尤其是长期居住在高密度建设、人口
密集主城区的居民更易受到热岛效应带来的不
良影响。因此，如何在街道尺度下通过城市人
居环境热脆弱性评估进行易受灾空间分布的识
别，并提出相应的适应策略成为当下气候适应
性研究领域的热点。论文以成都市主城区为例，
以街道为研究单元，整合人口数据、社会经济数
据、POI、遥感影像等多源数据，通过构建以暴
露度、敏感性及适应能力为准则层的城市人居
环境热脆弱性评价指标体系，对成都市主城区
进行综合评价，并识别出主城区夏季人居环境
热脆弱性空间分布特征及高脆弱性街道的致脆
主导因子。研究发现：成都市主城区人居环境热
脆弱性呈现“内高外低”及“西北高东南低”的分布特征。同时，进一步划分不同致脆类型街道为“高暴露主导区”“高敏感主导区”及“低适应
主导区”，并针对不同类型分区提出相应的气候适应性措施。 |
| 关键词: 热脆弱性 暴露度 敏感性 适应能力 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230610 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西安都市圈乡村特色产业发展路径研究（2022
SCHZ05） |
|
| Heat Vulnerability Assessment and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Urban Population in Chengdu |
|
GU Weiqi,FU Hong
|
| Abstract: |
| The combined impact of global climate change and the urban heat island effect has gradually
led to extreme heatwaves becoming one of the major disasters faced by cities. Residents living in
densely populated urban areas, particularly those in the main city centers, are more susceptible
to the adverse effects brought about by the urban heat island effect. Therefore, how to identify the
spatial distribution of vulnerability through an assessment of urban heat vulnerability at the street
level and propose corresponding adaptation strategies has become a focal point in current climate
adaptation research. This paper takes the main urban area of Chengdu as an example, using streets as
the research units, integrating data from various sources such as population statistics, socioeconomic
data, points of interest (POI), remote sensing imagery, and constructs an assessment index system
based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability criteria. It conducts a comprehensive evaluation of
Chengdu’s main urban area, identifying the spatial distribution of urban heat vulnerability during
the summer and the primary factors contributing to high vulnerability on specific streets. This
study utilizes Chengdu’s main urban area as a case study, with streets serving as the fundamental
research units. The research integrates multiple data sources, including population statistics,
socioeconomic data, points of interest (POI), remote sensing imagery, and constructs an assessment
index system with exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability as the core criteria for evaluating urban
heat vulnerability. The study revealed distinct patterns of urban heat vulnerability within Chengdu’s
main urban area. Notably, it exhibits an “inner high, outer low” and “northwest high, southeast
low” distribution of heat vulnerability. This means that the central and northwestern parts of the
urban area are more vulnerable to extreme heat events compared to the peripheral and southeastern
regions. To gain insights into the factors contributing to high vulnerability to extreme heat, the
study categorizes streets into different vulnerability types, including “high-exposure dominant
zones”, “high-sensitivity dominant zones” and “low-adaptation dominant zones”. This categorization
helps in identifying the primary factors leading to vulnerability in each area. In “high-exposure
dominant zones”, streets face increased susceptibility to extreme heat due to factors such as high
population density, concentrated commercial and residential areas, and limited green spaces. The
high density of buildings and extensive concrete surfaces intensify the urban heat island effect,
leading to elevated temperatures during heatwaves. To reduce vulnerability in these areas, strategies
such as increasing green infrastructure, promoting rooftop gardens, and providing shaded areas for
pedestrians should be considered. Streets in “high-sensitivity dominant zones” are characterized
by a population that is more sensitive to heat stress, including the elderly and individuals with pre existing health conditions. To enhance resilience in these areas, public health initiatives, community
outreach, and the establishment of cooling centers are essential. These measures aim to protect vulnerable populations during extreme heat events. “Low-adaptation dominant zones” face challenges in implementing effective heat adaptation measures.
Factors contributing to this vulnerability type may include inadequate public awareness, insufficient emergency response infrastructure, and limited access
to cooling technologies. To improve adaptability in these areas, city planners and policymakers should focus on public education campaigns, enhancing
emergency services, and providing subsidies for air conditioning or cooling technologies to residents. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of
urban heat vulnerability in Chengdu’s main urban area, offering valuable insights into the spatial distribution and dominant factors influencing vulnerability.
The “inner high, outer low” and “northwest high, southeast low” distribution patterns highlight areas where immediate attention is needed to enhance
urban heat resilience. By categorizing streets into different vulnerability types, tailored adaptation strategies can be developed to address the specific needs
of each area. These strategies include green infrastructure development, public health initiatives, and education campaigns, ultimately helping Chengdu’s
residents adapt to the challenges posed by increasing heatwaves and climate change. This research not only contributes to our understanding of urban heat
vulnerability but also serves as a model for other cities facing similar climate-related challenges. |
| Key words: Heat Vulnerability Exposure Sensitivity Adaptability |
