| 摘要: |
| 随着美丽乡村的建设与乡村振兴步伐
的驱动，一些不当思潮与建设的侵袭，传统民居
被大量模仿现代城市建筑的新建民居取代，简
单实现了功能空间多样化的需求，却成为生态
脆弱、品质较差、文化缺失的代表，民居发展面
临种种困境。为了科学有效地助力传统民居传
承及美丽乡村建设，如何深入挖掘潜藏于传统
民居建筑原型中的绿色属性与生态经验，成为
在理论研究方面人们关注的热点问题。选择云
南省勐腊地区的水傣干栏式傣家竹楼传统民居
为研究对象，基于被动式气候设计理论，针对傣
家竹楼建筑原型，提炼民居应对湿热气候的被
动式设计原型策略，比对Climate Consultant软
件分析所得的被动式设计标准策略，探讨民居
建筑原型的原型策略对标准策略的回应率。研
究结果表明：傣家竹楼建筑原型在遮阳、防热、
防雨、防潮、保温与节能等方面对标准策略的最
低、最高回应率分别为67%与100%，平均回应率84.8%。受材料及技术条件的限制，部分策略的回应不足，但是通过其他的方法及措施可以得到
很好的补充。傣族传统民居建筑原型的绿色特性及生态智慧，揭示了地域性传统建筑以地域自
然、社会环境为约束，以建筑综合性能为核心的生态设计理论控制的科学原理。本研究的结果对
湿热地区民居的设计建造及现代传承提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 傣家竹楼 传统民居 建筑原型 气候设计策略 Climate Consultant |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230522 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重大项目（52338004）；国家自然
科学基金面上项目（52378038）；陕西省科技厅社会
科学基金项目（2021J042） |
|
| Study on the Response and Complementarity of Traditional Dai Residential Architectural Prototypes to Climate Design Strategies |
|
ZHANG Tao,ZHANG Yuxuan
|
| Abstract: |
| Through constant “trial and error”, the traditional houses of the region, which have
survived the test of time, have demonstrated the natural trade-offs, the applicable social choices
and the historical vein of sustainable development, and are the product of the dual relationship
between natural ecosystems and human social practices. In recent years, traditional houses have
been replaced by a large number of new houses imitating modern urban architecture, which simply
meet the demand for functional space diversification, but have become representatives of ecological
fragility, poor quality and lack of culture, and are facing difficulties. It has become a research
hotspot to dig deep into the green attributes and ecological experiences hidden in the architectural
archetypes of traditional dwellings. The western region of Yunnan Province, with its low altitude,
high temperature and high humidity, has a hot and rainy hot and humid climate. People of the Dai
ethnic group have created Dai bamboo buildings with ventilation and heat dissipation, sun and rain
protection, and climate adaptation according to local conditions and materials. After thousands of
years of inheritance and development, this passive settlement mode continues to this day, with the
Dai bamboo buildings in the Mengla area being the most representative. Based on the theory of
passive climate design, this paper focuses on the Shui Dai dry bamboo buildings of the Dai family
in Mengla area, takes the architectural prototype as the research object, and refines the passive
design prototype strategy (hereinafter referred to as the “prototype strategy”) for the residential
buildings to cope with the hot and humid climate, and compares the passive design standard strategy
(hereinafter referred to as the “prototype strategy”) with that obtained from the analysis and
calculation of the Climate Consultant software. We compare the standard passive design strategy
(hereinafter referred to as the “standard strategy”) calculated by the Climate Consultant software,
explore the response and complement of the prototype strategy to the standard strate桧?愬猠?慮楤爠?桸異湬杯??愠椊湴敨?琠楧汲敥獥?愠湣摨?杲牡慣獴獥?物潳睴?牣潳漠景楦渠杴?瑥漠?敥晳晩敤捥瑮楴癩敡汬礠?牵敩摬畤捩敮?琠桭敯?桥敬慳琠?杮慤椠湴?潥晩?琠桩敮?扥畲楮污摬椠湣杨???湣??瑲敩牳浴獩?潳昮?楔湨獥甠氊慳瑴極潤湹?獥瑸牰慬瑯敲来祳??瑨桥攠?牲敥獥灮漠湣獨敡?浡散慴獥畲物敳獴?楣湳挠汯畦搠敲?楳湩摤潥潮牴?灡潬渠摡?晣楨物整??桴畵浲慥渠?扮潤搠祩?敳瘠慩灮潨牥慲瑥楮潴渠?桩敳慤瑯?搬椠獡獮楤瀠愊瑦楩潮湤??敯瑵捴??周桥攠?潣癯敬牯慧汩汣?牬攠獷灩潳湤獯敭?牡慮瑤攠?楮獨????????渠?瑡整牨洠獯?漠晲?牳慩楤湥?慴湩摡?搠慢浵灩?灤物潮潧晳椠湩杮?獨瑯牴愠瑡敮杤礠??瑭桩敤?牡敲獥灡潳渮猠攊?浦整慥獲甠牣敡獬?極湬捡汴畩摯敮?慡瑮瑤椠捡?晡汬潹潳物?漠晢?戠慃浬扩潭潡?扥甠楃汯摮楳湵杬??摮潴甠扳汯敦?獷瑡敲敥瀬?獴汨潥灲敥?牡潲潥映?′搠牳祴?牮慤楡汲?猠瑰牡畳捳瑩當牥攠??敩硭瑡整牥渠愊汤??灩潧牮挠桭?慴湨摯?牳愠楡獮敤搠?晥污潳潵牲??攠瑩据??呥桮敧?瑡漬琠慷汨?牣敨猠灡潲湥猠敤?牶慩瑤敥?椠獩??は?╳???獳?晡潮牤?瑲桤攠?整湲敡牴来祧?捥潳測猠敩牮癣慬瑵楤潩湮?猠琊牳慯瑬敡杲礠??瑡桤敩?牧攬猠灶潥湮獴敩?浡整慩獯畮爬攠獴?楥湲捭污畬搠敩摮?獵敬慡獴潩湯慮氬?捨汥潡瑴栠楣湯杮??睲潶牡湴?扯祮?甠獲敡物獮?慡湮摤?捭潯浩灳牴敵桲敥渠獰楲癯整?扣畴楩汯摮椬渠朊?摮敤猠楥杮湥?浧敹愠獣畯牮敳獥??敡瑴捩??吮栠敔?潲癯敵牧慨氠汴?牥攠獲灥潦湩獮敥?牥慮瑴攠?睦愠獴???ば╲?呴桯整?牰敥猠畳汴瑲獡?潥晧?瑥桳攠?獮瑤甠摴票?猠档潯睭?瑡桲慡瑴?瑶桥攠?浡楮湡楬浹畳浩?愠湯摦??浨慥砠楳浯畦浴?牡敲獥瀠潡湮獡敬?牳慩瑳攠獲?潳晵?瑴桳攬??慨楥?扲慥浳扰潯潮?扥甠楡汮摤椠湡杤?慩牴捩桯楮琠敯捦琠畄牡慩氠?灡牭潢瑯潯琠祢灵敩獬?瑩潮?琠桴敯?猊瑲慥湳摰慯牮摤?獴瑯爠慴瑨敥朠楳整獡?楤湡?瑤攠牳浴獲?潴晥?獩桥慳搠楡湲来??桥敲慩瑶?灤爮漠瑉敮挠瑴楥潲湭??牯慦椠湳?灡牤潩瑮敧挠瑳楴潲湡???浹漬椠獴瑨略爠敲?灳牰潯瑮敳捥琠業潥湡??桲敥慳琠?捩潮湣獬敵牤癥愠瑴楨潥渠?慯湬摯?敹渙敳爠朜祭?据潯湰獯敬特瘠慦瑯楲潥湳?愝爠敥???╲?慮湭摥????╨?牧敨猠灣敥捩瑬楩癮敧氬礠??睥楰琠桥?慶湥?愬瘠敡牮慤朠敳?牡敤獩灮潧渠獰敯?牣慨琬攠?潥晴?????╥??呶桥敲?楬湬猠畲晥晳楰捯楮敳湥琠??牴敥猠灩潳渠猱攰‰漥昮?獏潮洠整?獩瑳爠慢瑡敳杩楳攬猠?捨慥渠?扳敥?捯潦洠灬汯敷洠敨湥瑡整搠?扴祯?敡晧晥攠捣瑯楥癦敦?浣敩瑥桮潴搠獯?愠湷摯?浤攠愊獰畡牮敥獬??呡桬牬漬甠杢桡?瑢桯敯?慦湥慮汣祥猠楷獡?潬昬?瑢桡敭?杯牯攠敦湬?捯桲愠牥慮捣瑬敯牳極獲瑥椠捳獴?慵湣摴?敲捥漠汣潡杮椠捡慬汳??睢楥猠摡潤浤?潤映?瑯栠敧??慥椠?瑬牡慹搠楴瑯椠潴湨慥氠?牦敦獥楣摴敩湶瑥楮慥汳?戠畯楦氠摳楯湬条?瀠牳潨瑡潤瑩祮灧攬??瑯桷椠獴?獥瑲畭摡祬?牣敯癮敤慵汣獴?瑶桩整?猠捡楮敤渠瑬楯晷椠捨?灡牴椠湳捴楯灲污敧獥?漠晉?琠桴敥?敭捳漠汯潦朠楶捥慮汴?摬敡獴楩杯湮?捳潴湲瑡牴潥汧?琬栠整潨牥礠?潥晳?牯敮杳楥漠湭慥污??瑲牥慳搠楩瑮楣潬湵慤汥?扡畣楨汩摥楶湩杮獧??灩牮潤癯楯摲攠獶?慲?瑩档敡潬爠敳瑰楡捣慥氠?扨慥獲業獡?映潰牲?瑳桳敵?摥攠獶楥杮湴??捡潴湩獯瑮爠畴捨瑲楯潵湧?愠湯摰?楮渠桩敮牤楯瑯慲渠捬敡?潯晵?爬攠獧楲摯敵湮瑤椠慦汬?扯畲椠汥摬楥湶条獴?楯湮?栠潴瑯?愠湡摴?桩畣洠楦摬?慯牲攠慡獮??慴湩摬?栠敲汯灯獦?瑮桧攬??楴湣栮攠牔楨瑥愠湴捯整?潬映?瑥牳慰摯楮瑳楥漠渊慲污?慥爠捩桳椠琶攷挥琮甠牓慵汰?捬略汭瑥畮牴敡?慹猠?睥敡汳汵?慥獳?瑴桯攠?牤敤湲敥睳慳氠?慨湥搠?摡散癫攠汯潦瀠浲敥湳瑰?潮晳?朠牷敥敲湥?扭畡楩汮摬楹渠杶獩?楬湡?牥攠杰楬潡湮慮汩?癧椠汷汩慴杨攠獳?attered layout, open garden layout, high porosity
wall surface, double-layer tiles, and regional materials and construction methods that meet the need for ventilation and heat dissipation. For the thermal
insulation strategy, response measures include log bamboo tile exterior surfaces, few or no windows, and an overall response rate of 75 per cent. The lack of
response can be compensated for by using measures suc |
| Key words: Dai Bamboo House Traditional House Architectural Prototype Climate Design Strategy Climate Consultant |
