| 摘要: |
| 在“双碳”目标背景下，地方政府再次
发出办公场所夏季制冷温度设置不低于26 ℃
的通知。为探究不同设定温度模式对健康的影
响，本文以26 ℃为界限，对郑州市和焦作市设
定温度≥26 ℃（实验组）和<26 ℃（对照组）的
分体式空调办公建筑进行现场调研，测量了室
内外热环境参数、受试者皮肤温度、室内空气污
染物浓度，并调查了受试者的空气质量满意度
和空调使用行为状况。研究发现：相比于低设定
温度模式，高设定温度模式下受试者对空调的依赖程度更低、暴露的空调环境温度更高、时间更短，对偏热环境的体温调节能力更强。夏季两
市办公建筑主要室内空气污染物为CO2和甲醛。高设定温度模式下的室内CO2和甲醛浓度以及甲
醛致癌风险均显著小于低设定温度模式，而不同设定温度模式受试者的室内空气质量满意度无
显著差异。长期处于低设定温度模式下，会降低人们对室内空气质量的有效感知。从健康和节能
的角度出发，应继续加强“办公场所夏季制冷温度设置不低于26 ℃”的政策引导。研究结果可为
夏季分体式空调办公建筑的节能政策推行和室内环境健康问题的解决提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 设定温度 室内热环境 室内空气质量 空调使用行为 健康 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230409 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室开放基金（重点）项
目（LSKF202101）；河南省科技厅重点研发与推广专
项（科技攻关）（46202102310566）；河南省高校基
本科研业务费专项资金项目（NSFRF200306）；河南
省大学生创新创业计划项目（202010460065） |
|
| The Effect of Different Set Point Temperature Modes on the Health of Office Buildings with Split Air Conditioners |
|
YAN Haiyan,SHI Fangning,DONG Mengru,SUN Zhen,YUAN Guodong
|
| Abstract: |
| Under the background of the “double-carbon” target, local governments once again issued
a notice that the cooling set point temperature of office buildings cannot be lower than 26 ℃. To
explore the effect of different set point temperature modes on health, taking 26 ℃ as the boundary,
a field survey was conducted in split air-conditioned office buildings with set point temperatures of
≥26 ℃ (experimental group) and <26 ℃ (control group) in Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo, China. Subjective
questionnaire and objective environmental parameters were measured simultaneously. The indoor
and outdoor environmental parameters (indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity,
globe temperature and air velocity), skin temperature of subjects and indoor air pollutant (including
CO2, formaldehyde and PM2.5) concentration were measured, and the air quality satisfaction and air
conditioner usage behavior (air conditioner use modes and air conditioner use time) of people were
also investigated. The results showed that subjects in both groups had the same outdoor thermal
exposure during the study period, but compared with the H group, the subjects in the L group were
exposed to lower temperatures and humidity in the air-conditioned environment. There are two typical
air conditioner use modes in office buildings: “turn on when you feel hot” and “turn on when you
enter and turn off when you leave”. Compared with the low set point temperature mode, the subjects
in the high set point temperature mode were less dependent on air conditioners, were exposed to a
shorter time in the air-conditioned environment, and had a stronger thermoregulation ability in the
warmer environment. The main indoor pollutants in split air-conditioned office buildings in summer
are formaldehyde and CO2. The degree of dependence on air conditioners affected the air conditioner
use time. Subjects in the low set point temperature mode were more dependent on air conditioners,
resulting in subjects in the low set point temperature mode being exposed to the air-conditioned
environment for a longer time. This will not only adversely affect people’s thermoregulation
ability, making people more addicted to air conditioners in a vicious cycle, but also directly lead to
insufficient indoor ventilation, resulting in the concentration of CO2 and formaldehyde in the low set
point temperature mode being significantly higher than that in the high set point temperature mode.
Although the lower air temperature and relative humidity in the low set point temperature mode were
not conducive to the volatilization of formaldehyde, it was difficult to disperse indoor formaldehyde
due to the strong dependence on air conditioners. Therefore, the formaldehyde concentration was
higher, which directly and significantly increased cancer risk. The indoor air quality satisfaction of the
high set point temperature mode was affected by the combination of CO2 and indoor air temperature, while the indoor air quality satisfaction of the low set point temperature mode was mainly affected by the indoor air temperature. The air quality satisfaction
was negatively correlated with the indoor air temperature. In the case of higher indoor pollutant concentration in the low set point temperature mode, since the
indoor air temperature of the low set point temperature mode was significantly lower than that of the high set point temperature mode, there was no significant
difference in air quality satisfaction between the two modes. It is suspected that people’s air quality perception has long-term adaptability to indoor air
temperature and CO2. Staying in the low set point temperature mode for a long time reduces people’s sensitivity to CO2 concentration, and thus reducing their
effective perception of air quality. Indoor temperature affects people’s air quality satisfaction. If indoor air quality is measured by people’s subjective feelings, it
may lead to people blindly lowering the set point temperature of air conditioner, which will have adverse effects on health and cause energy waste. Therefore, it is
recommended to equip indoor air quality monitoring system for real-time monitoring of air quality, and remind people to take measures in time when it exceeds
the standard range. Based on the above analysis of the impact of different set point temperature modes on health, the rationality of the Chinese government’s
cooling set point temperature regulation for split air-conditioned office buildings was verified. Therefore, the government of China should continue to strengthen
the implementation of the policy that “the cooling set point temperature of offices in summer cannot be less than 26 ℃”. Encouraging people to save energy is
not as good as promoting health, so it is suggested that the state should increase the publicity of the negative effects of low set point temperature on health and
guide people to adopt the high set point temperature mode. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for implementing the energy-saving policy of split
air-conditioned office buildings and solving indoor environmental health problems in summer. |
| Key words: Set Point Temperature Thermal Environment Indoor Air Quality Air Conditioner Usage Behavior Health |
