| 摘要: |
| 乡村振兴背景下，科学划分特色村镇类
型对促进村镇发展至关重要。明确了徽州特色
村镇的概念内涵和构成要素，建立基于动力—功
能—历史组合划分徽州特色村镇类型的研究思
路，提出“文化构成—核心价值—景观表达”三
维类型划分技术方法。类型划分过程研究突出了
对徽州特色村镇文化核心演变、核心价值形成和
景观意义营造三者之间的相互作用和状态响应
的解析。结合实证对象的地形特征及主导要素，
将徽州特色村镇划分为五类：沿水道商业交通枢
纽型集镇、陆路古道区间转运型集镇、盆地平原
“堨—塘”并用型农业村落、山地“潴水以塘”
型农业村落、盆地宗族聚居型村镇。从空间分布
和景观层积过程对徽州特色村镇特征进行了分
析，并总结了不同类型徽州特色村镇在功能结构
和空间结构方面存在的共性规律。 |
| 关键词: 徽州 特色村镇 类型划分 特征分
析 历史演进 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230401 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题（2019YDF1100
701）；内蒙古大学2023年高层次人才科研启动项目
（10000-23112101/011） |
|
| Analysis of the Types and Characteristics of Huizhou’s Characteristic Villages and Towns |
|
YANG Jianqiang,REN Kai
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of rural revitalization, scientifically dividing the types of characteristic
villages and towns is crucial for promoting their development. Type evolution is one of the basic
attributes of characteristic villages and towns themselves, and it is the functional formation and
landscape significance expression of village and town system organizations under the influence of
power. Characteristic types fully reflect the strong mutual influence and connection between power,
function, and historical significance. Starting from the perspective of Huizhou cultural drive, based
on the cultural core changes, dynamic mechanism composition, and spatial expression results during
the evolution of villages and towns, this study analyzes and studies the types and characteristics
of characteristic villages and towns from the perspectives of characteristic power cognition,
characteristic value judgment, and characteristic landscape significance. it clarified the concept
and constituent elements of Huizhou characteristic villages and towns, established a research
approach based on the combination of power function history to classify Huizhou characteristic
villages and towns, and proposed a three-dimensional type classification technology method of
“cultural composition core value landscape expression”. The social environment, social norms, and
value system are the core contents of cultural composition, with the “cultural core construction”
in the evolution process of Huizhou villages and towns as the core of village and town culture. By
constructing the symbiotic unit of Huizhou villages and towns, it is clarified that different types of
human land interaction within villages and towns have different interactive contents, which play
different roles in promoting the potential expansion of regional elements in the regional system,
and thus form different villages and towns dominated by different advantageous functional forms.
The spatial landscape of Huizhou villages and towns is mainly reflected in clan settlements, water
conservancy projects, and commercial organizations. The research on the classification process
highlights the interaction and state response analysis between the core evolution of Huizhou
characteristic village and town culture, the formation of core values, and the creation of landscape
significance. Based on the terrain characteristics and dominant elements of the empirical object,
the “characteristic type” is the foundation for the survival and development of Huizhou villages
and towns. Its interactive mapping with the organic organism of the villages and towns themselves
affects the direction and performance of resource utilization in Huizhou villages and towns. Most
of the villages and towns with larger scale and higher administrative levels in the empirical objects
were built in the Tang Dynasty and matured in the Qing Dynasty, while some mountainous villages
were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with typical cultural cores, functional structures, and
spatial landscapes. In order to sort out the three-dimensional meaning of “cultural composition core values-landscape expression” of these villages and towns, and combine them with Huizhou’s
ancient waterways and routes, the distribution of ethnic groups, and terrain and water systems,
Huizhou’s characteristic villages and towns are divided into five categories: commercial and
transportation hub towns along waterways, trans regional market towns along ancient land roads,
“mixed use” agricultural villages in basin plains, “pond” agricultural villages in mountainous areas,
and basin clans inhabited villages and towns. As an economic village, traditional commercial and
transportation villages and towns are commercial and transportation settlements formed in the
process of the development and growth of Huizhou merchants, relying on their superior geographical
location, excellent cultural resources, and good transportation conditions, with commercial trade asthe core function, while also undertaking functions such as cargo transportation, transportation gathering, and boatmen gathering. These villages and towns
have become important nodes in Huizhou’s transportation network due to their superior geographical location. With the continuous expansion of Huizhou
merchants’ trade radiation, these villages and towns have become commercial trade centers and cargo distribution centers in different regions of Huizhou.
Huizhou has always attached great importance to agriculture, and agricultural villages and towns are the oldest type of villages and towns in Huizhou. For
hilly villages and towns with many mountains and water, the success of agriculture cannot be separated from the rational planning and utilization of water
resources. The advantages of population, geography, and economy have made the valley basin plain a leading area for the development of Huizhou region.
The operation of numerous social communities, including water conservancy organizations, marriage organizations, and commercial organizations, has
jointly promoted the development of Huizhou basin clans and regional society. Analyzing the characteristics of Huizhou characteristic villages and towns
from the perspective of spatial distribution and landscape stratification, it is found that different types of Huizhou characteristic villages and towns have
common rules in terms of functional and spatial structures. |
| Key words: Huizhou Characteristic Villages and Towns Type Classification Feature Analysis Historical Evolution |
