| 摘要: |
| 通勤效率是反映城市生活品质的重要
指标。改革开放以来，经济社会快速发展和城
镇化水平不断提高，城市职住空间关系发生深
刻变化和居民通勤行为变得日趋复杂，影响城市
空间绩效和居民生活品质；且随着多源大数据
可获得性增强，关于职住平衡及其对通勤效率
作用机制的研究愈发广泛而深入，但学者对于
职住平衡度和土地利用混合度等物质空间属性
如何影响居民通勤尚未达成一致的结论。为了
解城市日常生活中不同通勤效率居民的多元需求
和真实的通勤状态，探索提升城市居民通勤效
率的有效途径，推动城市人居环境高质量发展。
以深圳市为例，借助DAAS和ArcGIS平台利用
联通手机信令数据识别居住地和工作地，通过
LINGO软件计算过剩通勤指标，对深圳居民通
勤效率进行评价，并在区分居民工作地和居住地基础上建立多元回归模型，探究多方面因素对居民通勤效率的影响和作用机制。研究发现，区
位、职住平衡度、土地利用混合度、容积率、平均房价、公交可达性、城中村面积、工作岗位数量
和服务设施面积对居民通勤效率有重要的影响。控制其他因素对通勤效率的影响之后，无论是
居住地还是工作地，通勤效率都会随着职住平衡程度的提升而提高，而在中国已有较高密度和
混合度的背景下，通过进一步增容或功能混合以期提高通勤效率的措施则需审慎对待。研究丰富
了基于我国大中城市背景的通勤影响实证案例，为提高城市通勤效率，推动可持续交通提供有益
的政策参考。 |
| 关键词: 通勤效率 过剩通勤 职住平衡 土地混合利用 手机信令数据 深圳市 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230307 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFB2103104） |
|
| The Effects of Built Environment Factors on Commuting Efficiency of Residents in Shenzhen Based on Cell Phone Data |
|
LIU Qian,JIANG Yulin
|
| Abstract: |
| Commuting efficiency is an important indicator that reflects the quality of urban
life. In recent years, with the increasing availability of multisource big data, studies on the
jobs-housing balance and its effect mechanism on commuting efficiency have become more
extensive and in-depth. However, scholars have not reached a consensus on how physical
spatial attributes, such as the jobs-housing balance and land use mix degree, affect residents’
commutes. Based on mobile phone location data, this study examines how commuting
efficiency, measured in terms of commuting distance and time, is associated with different built
environment features in a high-density urban context of Shenzhen.
The main research findings include the following three points. Firstly, it points out that although
the commuting efficiency of residents in Shenzhen is relatively high on the whole, it still has the
possibility of further improvement in fact. The proportion of residents who commute in short to
medium distance is relatively high, and the excess commuting rate is also showing an upward trend.
Secondly, residents with different types of commuting efficiency exhibit significant spatiotemporal
differences and exhibit different patterns. In terms of time distribution, efficient and inefficient
commuting residents exhibit the phenomenon of “arriving late and leaving late” and “arriving early
and leaving early”, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the efficient commuting population
is mainly located in the central urban area and the surrounding suburbs outside the workplace;
the residential areas of inefficient commuters are mainly distributed in peripheral suburban areas,
while the working areas are mainly in urban centers, with obvious commuting directionality; the
commuting level at the urban level can be expressed as suburban areas>central areas>suburban
areas. The spatiotemporal characteristics also indicate the concentration of flow during peak
commuting periods within the central area, as well as between the central and peripheral areas,
with a high flow rate. Thirdly, through the research on the interaction between urban residents’
commuting behavior and land use, it is shown that the urban built environment is an important factor
affecting residents’ commuting behavior, but the importance of different factors is different, such
as location, jobs-housing balance degree, land use mix degree, transit accessibility, number of jobs
and area of service facilities, and other factors have significant but different relative importance on residents’ commuting efficiency, and the impact of the built environment in the place of residence on residents’ commuting efficiency is greater than that of
workplace.
In order to achieve the goal of alleviating traffic congestion, improving urban commuting efficiency, and thereby improving the quality of life of
residents, urban spatial planning and traffic problem solving should be comprehensively considered. By optimizing and adjusting the land layout mode, the
number of employment positions and housing in the region should be maintained within a certain range. The urban built environment, as the main factor
affecting residents’ commuting behavior, plays an important role in reducing wasteful commuting and improving commuting efficiency through reasonable
land use structure and functional layout. In the process of urban construction, it is necessary to promote the optimization of land use structure and avoid the
development of plots with a single functional layout, in order to avoid extreme job and housing imbalances; it is necessary to properly improve the regional
land use mix, increase the balanced proportion of the number of job opportunities and housing units, and pay attention to the construction of the employment
environment and residential environment in and around the residential area, which is conducive to promoting the balance of residents’ work and housing, and
thus improving commuting efficiency. Secondly, urban development should maintain a certain scale and density while avoiding the negative effects caused by
excessive scale and density. When the urban scale is too large, the employment function of the region should be appropriately relaxed to promote the balance
of residents’ employment and housing. As for Shenzhen, inefficient commuting residents mainly flow from residential areas in the outskirts to employment
areas in the city center. Therefore, planning and constructing employment sub centers in the outskirts can effectively improve the balance between work and
housing, reduce the commuting distance of residents, and improve commuting efficiency; given the existing high density and degree of mixing, measures
to improve commuting efficiency through further capacity expansion or functional mixing should be carefully adopted, with appropriate dispersion of
employment positions in the central area being the main focus. |
| Key words: Commuting Efficiency Excess Commuting Jobs-Housing Balance Land Use Mix Cell Phone Data Shenzhen |
