| 摘要: |
| 流域作为富有文化和生物价值的集水
区域，沿水系聚集多样文化资源并分布着密集的
河流生态系统。流域风景区别于城市、乡村等相
对独立空间而具有典型的网络特征，探究流域
历史变迁遗存的文化资源与生态系统之间的空
间层积关系，可应对当前流域保护现状中生物与
文化分离的困境。基于此，本研究在辨析流域
国土风景内涵和外延的基础上，从生物文化遗
产协同角度出发，构建了“流域属性认知—生物
文化遗产识别—流域国土风景保护机制”的流
域国土风景保护理论及实践框架。以齐鲁文化
区的汶水流域为例展开实证研究，探究流域文
化遗产和生境质量的层积关系，最后将生物文化遗产空间层积结果与城乡三生空间规划进行衔接，提出了层积信息、分级格局、集群空间共同
整合的保护策略。 |
| 关键词: 生物文化遗产 汶水流域 流域国土风景 保护方法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230304 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（52008217）；山东省高
等学校青年创新团队（2022KJ161）；山东省自然科
学基金青年项目（ZR2020QE222）；教育部人文社
会科学研究青年项目（20YJC760139） |
|
| Biocultural Heritage Synergistic Approach to National Landscape Conservation in the Wenshui Watershed |
|
ZHAO Ye,ZHAO Yijun,LIU Xinyu,WANG Xingtian
|
| Abstract: |
| As a watershed rich in cultural and biological values, it has a variety of cultural
resources and a dense distribution of river ecosystems along the water system. The landscape
areas of watersheds at the national level in China have typical network characteristics, as opposed
to relatively independent spaces such as urban and rural areas. At present, the conservation
management of watershed landscape is mostly discussed from the perspective of ecosystem
function, structure and evolution, focusing on watershed ecosystem services, value assessment, and
weighing synergistic relationships. In contrast, studies on watershed cultural resources are mostly on
(intangible) cultural heritage, traditional settlements, and habitat spaces, etc. However, fewer studies
have explored the relevance of watershed culture to watershed ecosystems, and the phenomenon of
biological and cultural conservation fragmentation has emerged. In the context of the need to value
both natural and cultural values of watershed national landscapes side by side, a synergistic study of
cultural and natural resources of watersheds is necessary.
Domestic and international regional conservation studies from a synergistic biocultural
perspective have mostly focused on the sacred natural site, protected area, agricultural landscape
and urban green space, but less on the watershed landscape. Based on the historical evolution as
well as the spatial and temporal correlation of watershed national landscape resources, this study
attempts to explore the approach of watershed national landscape conservation from the perspective
of biocultural heritage synergy. We define biocultural heritage as a complex social-ecological
system generated by the association of cultural heritage such as heritage sites and settlements
formed by human cultural activities with watershed habitats. Therefore, based on the identification
of the connotation and extension of watershed landscapes, this study focuses on watershed cultural
heritage, watershed habitat quality and the relationship between the two, forming a three-level
theoretical and practical framework of watershed national landscape protection, namely “watershed
attribute recognition - biocultural heritage identification - watershed national landscape conservation
mechanism”, with the target of biocultural heritage synergy. Taking the Wenshui watershed in the
Qilu cultural region as an example, we recognize the heritage attributes of the Dawenkou Cultural
Circle which is “Intertwined with Shan-Shui”, explore the influence of “Wenshui geo-relations” on
biocultural value differences, and propose the cluster protection system of “Shan-Shui Sanctuary
Network”.
In terms of watershed attribute recognition, we explored the natural and cultural resource
profiles of the Wenshui watershed. In terms of biocultural heritage identification, we firstly identified
the watershed cultural heritage sources and their distribution characteristics, secondly assessed the
watershed habitat quality by InVEST model, and finally clarified the biocultural heritage spatial
stratification method by intersecting the binary area of cultural heritage kernel density and the binary
area of habitat quality results to take the overlapping part respectively, and obtained the stratification results of four types of space. In terms of watershed national landscape conservation mechanism, firstly, heritage genesis analysis is conducted, secondly,
the results of biocultural heritage spatial layering are connected with production-living-ecological space planning, and finally, heritage networks and cluster
spaces are structured. The synergistic relationship between the production-living-ecological space planning and watershed cultural cluster space as well as
the four hierarchical conservation patterns of core protection zone, control construction zone, environmental coordination zone and peripheral restoration
zone is determined.
The results of the study are as follows: (1) the Wenshui watershed heritage stratum is influenced by various cultures, such as the Taishan Culture,
Dawenkou Culture, and Canal Culture, but Dawenkou Culture has a strong central position; (2) the area of high quality habitat and cultural accumulation
was formed because of the proximity to the Taiyi Mountains and Wenshui water system; while the rural areas far from the water system became an area of
low quality habitat and insignificant cultural lineage. The relationship between habitat quality and cultural value is shown by the high quality habitat around
the Taiyi Mountain Range and Wenshui, which are mostly distributed with ancient buildings, ancient city sites, cave temples and stone carvings, and need to
maintain the stability of the ecosystem while improving the space for the protection and utilization of cultural heritage; while the urban and rural residential
areas with weaker habitat quality are mostly distributed with ancient ruins, ancient kiln sites and ancient burial sites, which need to reduce the impact of
human activities around the heritage on the ecosystem and ensure the sustainable development of biocultural heritage. The above becomes the basis for
delineating the classes in the conservation strategy; (3) relying on the sacred landscape of Taishan-Wenshui, the graded conservation pattern is articulated
with the production-living-ecological space planning, and four important conservation clusters are proposed: Taishan cultural cluster space; Dawenkou
cultural cluster space; canal cluster space; and Stone Age cluster space. This study contributes to the holistic conservation of cultural and ecological
resources in the watershed’s national landscape, and also provides a reference for the spatial planning and biocultural cluster delineation in the watershed,
which is conducive to promoting spatial planning improvement, habitat protection and cultural inheritance in the watershed. |
| Key words: Biocultural Heritage Wenshui Watershed Watershed National Landscape Conservation Approach |
