| 摘要: |
| 我国乡村公共服务设施的建设在内外
合力作用下经历了由“增量”到“提质”的转变，
相关研究也从过往规划统筹的导向逐步转向以
人为本，进入百家争鸣的新时期，但其建设仍表
现出闲置和类型不全等问题。以动态发展的视
角梳理我国乡村公共服务设施配置研究的发展
历程，从配置原则、配置方法、配置结果三方面
对其进行分析，发现研究总体上对标城市社区
公共服务设施的营建逻辑，配置原则体现出效
率与公平的角力伴随以人为本的转变，配置方
法由空间因子分析转变为融合非空间因子的综
合建模，配置结果则反映出层级化配置体系逐步优化的特征。目前借鉴城市社区配置理路的研究及案例研究无法应对乡村的多样化特征和村
民需求，提出在乡村特性数据库的基础上构建“基本项+特色项”的菜单式设施功能类型框架和
在已成型的乡村内为设施科学“选址”的方向建议。 |
| 关键词: 乡村公共服务设施 动态发展视角 效率与公平 以人为本 生活圈 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230218 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1101101）；贵州大学
自然科学基金培育项目（贵大培育[2020]15号） |
|
| Review and Prospect of Rural Public Service Facilities Configuration from the Perspectiveof Dynamic Development |
|
GAO Mingming,WANG Zhu,QIU Zhi,WANG Sicheng,HUA Yi
|
| Abstract: |
| The construction of rural public service facilities in China has experienced a
transformation from “increasing quantity” to “improving quality” under the combined action of
both internal and external forces, the relevant researches have also gradually shifted from overall
planning orientation to people-oriented, and entered a new period in which a hundred schools of
thought contend. However, its construction still shows problems such as idle and incomplete types.
This paper combs the development process of research on configuration of rural public service
facilities in China from the perspective of dynamic development, analyzes it from the configuration
principles, configuration methods and configuration results. It is found that researches generally
imitate the construction logic of urban community public service facilities, the allocation principle
reflects the transition from the struggle between efficiency and equity to the combination of both and
people-oriented, and the allocation method has undergone the evolution from qualitative analysis
to the solution of the quantitative model based on GIS platform, to the construction of the life circle
and the optimization of the model integrated with humanistic factors. The allocation results show the
following characteristics: the spatial layout shows obvious hierarchical characteristics, the allocation
content focuses on the classification of facilities and the supply of diversified demands, the scale of
facilities stays on the optimization of the given index of “standard”, and the supply mode is more
flexible and diversified. On the whole, they reflect the characteristics of the gradual optimization of
the hierarchical configuration system.
The current studies are unbalanced and inadequate on facility types, village types, research
areas, etc. In terms of allocation principles, the connotation interpretation of equity needs to be
deepened and expanded, and the balance of efficiency and equity and the realization path need
to be further studied. In terms of configuration method, the model is not precise enough, and the
simulation effect on reality is limited. In terms of allocation results, although some empirical
analyses have been carried out for specific regions, most of them are crude allocation standards that
lack the restriction of indicators. The current research paradigm of “quasi-city” and case studies
cannot cope with the diversified characteristics of rural areas and the needs of villagers.
The maturity of rural areas precedes the introduction of facility construction standards, and
villagers have already formed the cognition of facility functional attributes and the habit of obtaining
public services. Based on this, this paper proposes to construct a menu-type facility function type
framework of “basic item + feature item” on the basis of rural characteristic database and suggests
the direction of scientific “site selection” for facilities in established villages. |
| Key words: Public Service Facilities Dynamic Development Perspective Efficiency and
Equity People Oriented Life Circle |
