| 摘要: |
| 街道空间承载儿童通学出行与社会性
活动，对其健康成长产生重要影响。文章首先以
儿童通学需求层次为出发点，对关联儿童出行和
活动的公共/街道空间相关文献进行系统检索，
确立了街道空间质量标准生成的理论依据。然
后，以“12项公共空间质量标准”为基础架构，
以“哥本哈根公共空间参数”为主要补充，对其
他质量标准和设计特征进行整合操作，生成了
包括4个大类、18个子项的街道空间质量标准
框架。最后，基于它们与儿童通学具体需求之间
互动关系的综合讨论，完成了相应指标因子的提
取，构建出了一个较为完整的街道空间质量标
准。可以作为学校周边街道空间更新过程中前期
策划、中期设计和后期评估的辅助工具。 |
| 关键词: 通学需求层次 街道空间质量标准 公
共空间 共享街道空间 儿童友好街道 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230207 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078263） |
|
| Research on the Quality Criteria of Street Space Affecting Children’s Hierarchy of SchoolTravel Needs |
|
XU Shouheng,ZHUANG Weimin
|
| Abstract: |
| The positive impact of active school travel (AST) on children’s well-being has received
widespread attention and recognition in academic research, particularly in the areas of physical
health, mental health, cognitive development, and social adaptability. Providing high-quality AST
options for children has become a major challenge for urban planning, transportation, and public
health sectors in China. This study aims to achieve two objectives: firstly, it aims to integrate the
evidence provided by relevant literature and generate the quality criteria of street space (QCSS) that
affect children’s hierarchy of school travel needs (HSTN); second, to reveal the specific impacts of
the sub-items and indicator factors related to the QCSS on children’s HSTN.
Children’s AST needs can be summarized into four levels: safety, accessibility, comfort,
and enjoyment. This is based on a comprehensive analysis of their AST behavior characteristics,
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and Alfonzo’s hierarchy of walking needs. In the process of AST for
children, necessary, spontaneous, and social activities often intersect. High-quality street space
should therefore simultaneously meet the safety and accessibility needs of children’s AST, and
become a potential guarantee for their comfort and enjoyment needs during their growth process.
The extraction of street space factors that affect the HSTN and the generation of new quality
criteria are mainly based on the evidence provided by the literature system retrieval related to
children’s travel and activities, public spaces, shared street spaces, and child-friendly streets/public
spaces. Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, ten important
domestic journals in the fields of architecture and urban planning were searched and classified
statistically over the past five years (2017-2021), and it was found that public space-related literature
mainly focuses on vitality, health, measurement, and strategies, with less direct attention paid to
quality criteria. A preliminary confirmation of 69 foreign articles was obtained through searches and
screening in databases such as Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. They mainly revolve
around 29 themes. Through full-text review and evaluation, 15 Chinese and foreign literatures were
identified as the theoretical basis for the generation of QCSS that affect children's HSTN, while
other literatures served as evidence for the comprehensive analysis of relevant sub-items and their
indicator factors.
This text discusses a framework for QCSS that affects the HSTN, based on 12 public space
quality criteria by Gehl and supplemented by Schulze + Grassov’s Copenhagen public space
parameters. Other quality criteria and design features are integrated into the framework. The
main categories include protection, accessibility, comfort, and enjoyment, along with 18 sub-
items. Through a systematic discussion of the interactive relationships within the framework and
the specific HSTN, indicator factors for these sub-items were extracted, and a complete QCSS that
affects children’s HSTN was constructed.
Among them, the protection criteria determine the size of children’s autonomous activity areas,
the length of outdoor stay time, and the level of sports activities. The accessibility criteria are based
on meeting the time budget for children to travel between home and school, as well as their physical
and perceptual proximity. The comfort criteria need to provide children with more opportunities
for outdoor activities and social interactions, while the enjoyment criteria need to create attractivespatial environments that meet what children want or desire.
There is a certain correlation between the attractiveness of street space for children and the survival advantages it embodies. Allowing and encouraging
the existence of gathering places is crucial to supporting children’s ongoing social behavior. In other words, child-friendly street space is not only a
physically safe and stable transportation space, but also a humane place for children to achieve public life, free interaction, and social inclusiveness. Its core
value is to stimulate children’s fluid emotions, gradually establish space identity and place attachment. The generation of QCSS based on publicness, sharing,
and sociality can serve as an auxiliary tool for the entire process of early planning, mid-term design, and post-evaluation intervention of street space around
schools, and will play an important guiding and promoting role in the high-quality street space renewal, improvement, optimization, and creation. The
current research is in the theoretical stage. Future research will expand on this basis in an orderly manner, with a focus on the following aspects:
1)Testing the practicality of QCSS by evaluating changes in the environment before and after the intervention of street space planning around
community schools and assessing its impact on children’s school travel, free play, and sports activities.
2)Conducting longitudinal research on the changes in school travel behavior and its relationship with street space, taking into account the changing
trends in children’s cognitive development and activity abilities with age.
3)Collaborating with interdisciplinary teams and collecting big data to study the differences in perception between school-age children and their parents
regarding street space. |
| Key words: Hierarchy of School Travel Needs Street Space Quality Criteria Public Space Shared Street Space Child-Friendly Street |
