|
| 摘要: |
| 20世纪以来，在我国快速的经济发展
和城镇化过程中，乡村空间经历了深刻的变革。
并且随着城乡融合发展和乡村产业结构转型，
未来乡村社会结构的实体空间还将受到更广泛
的影响。乡村发展和村落保护成为了现实矛盾。
本文通过对当地村民的实地调研和逻辑回归分
析的数据处理手段，提出一种量化村民对于当
地“传统”空间认知的方法。同时进一步厘清乡
村建筑“风貌”、建筑质量和建筑建造年代等建
成环境要素之间的关系，以及乡村标志性历史要
素对于乡村传统空间塑造的影响。利用地理信息
系统（GIS）绘制乡村居民“传统空间”的认知图
谱。研究对于探索村民认知传统空间的方式、了
解村民认知下的传统空间特征、以及寻求在发
展经济的同时保护村民最为关切的传统空间的
思维路径具有一定的借鉴意义，同时为村落发
展和规划提供一定的参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 传统空间 村民认知 空间变革 认知
图谱 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220518 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| A Study on Villagers’ Perception of Rural Traditional Space |
|
YAN Yu, ZHANG Yukun, KONG Mange
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the 20th century, in the process of China’s rapid economic development and
urbanization, rural space has undergone profound changes. In addition, with the integrated
urban-rural development mode and the transformation of rural industrial structure, the physical
space of rural social structure will be more widely affected in the future. Rural development and
village protection have become a real contradiction. Specifically, there are following problems
in China’s rural areas at the present stage. First of all, villagers’ cultural confidence gradually
disintegrates. The construction style of private houses in rural areas is deeply influenced by
cities, and the “local characteristics” has gradually faded in many rural areas. The utilization
of rural intangible and tangible heritages is limited, and their existing environment is fragile.
Secondly, in the face maintaining the traditional and regional issues, the participation of
villagers is still insufficient. The current rural planning is still dominated by the government
and relevant departments, and the evaluation of heritage is basically designated by experts.
There is no scientific method to take into account the villagers’ perception of traditional space
and culture as well as their perception ability. Thirdly, from the public to the management class,
the understanding of the connotation of heritage value needs to be further deepened. Although
people have gradually formed a consensus that history and culture have become the core value
orientation of rural areas, the current passive management system is difficult to meet the needs
of future changes.
In view of the above problems, this paper tries to put forward a method to quantify
villagers’ perception of local “traditional” space through field investigation and logistic
regression analysis. Heyang Ancient Village, a traditional Chinese village, was selected as the
research object. The research data contains two parts: 1) objective data comes from Traditional
Village Protection Planning Document of Heyang Village. In the document, quality of buildings
is classified into four levels, from good to bad. The style and features of the buildings is classified
into four levels, from good to bad. The building construction time is divided into three categories
of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the 1950s to the 1980s and after the 1980s. Road materials are
divided into three categories of cement, sand and pebble. The proportion of each category of
building quality, building style and features, age of the buildings and materials on each road is
calculated. 2) Subjective data came from interviews with 317 villagers of Heyang Village. During
the interview, we asked the villagers to rate the overall fengmao of Heyang Village. Rating the
villagers’ attitudes towards the overall fengmao of the whole village by using the Likert fivescale
quantitative method, in which very good, relatively good, general, relatively poor and poor,
represent for 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The scores of 327 villagers were sampled, and based on the above data, a mathematical model was
established with the road as the basic unit of calculation for logistic regression analysis to find the correlation degree between different elements.
Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the above data to clarify the relationship between the above built environment elements in the
countryside and the relationship between villagers’ evaluation of traditional space and the above elements. It is found that in the objective data level,
the concept of the two elements of building quality and building style is positively correlated, while the construction age of a building has no obvious
correlation with its style and quality. In terms of subjective data, both architectural quality and architectural style have a positive correlation with
villagers’ spatial perception, and the trend is obvious. However, there is no regular correlation between construction age and subjective score. The
factor that has the strongest correlation with villagers’ rating of spatial heritage is the quality of buildings. There is a certain correlation between
the scores of villagers and the building style, but it is slightly weaker than the building quality. The age of construction does not play an expected
role in the rating system of local villagers. The factor of “road material” did not pass the stepwise regression significance test, meaning that roads of
different materials did not have a significant impact on the villagers’ perception of space.
Furthermore, the statistical data are also reflected at the spatial level, and the perception map of “traditional space” of rural residents is drawn
by using geographic information system (GIS). It can be found that large-scale and good-quality historical buildings and historical environmental
elements are most likely to be recognized by villagers as traditional spaces in villages.
The research has certain reference significance for exploring the way of villagers’ cognition of traditional space, understanding the
characteristics of traditional space under villagers’ cognition, and seeking the thinking path of protecting the traditional space that villagers are most
concerned about while developing economy. It provides some reference for village development and planning. |
| Key words: Traditional Space Villagers’ Perception Spatial Transformation Perception Map |
