|
| 摘要: |
| 轨道交通网络演变与都市圈空间结构
发展有着相互协同的关系。选取受轨道交通网
络影响显著，空间格局呈“一核多心”式分布的
伦敦都市圈为研究对象，基于复杂网络理论的
方法构建轨道交通网络生长模型，分析网络复
杂性特征演变规律，并进一步分析轨道交通与
都市圈空间结构演变的互动关系。结果表明：第
一，中心枢纽站点扁平化组织分布以及轨道网
络的传播效应均与都市圈多中心空间结构存在
协同发展关系；第二，轨道交通与都市圈空间结
构存在三个互动规律：两者通过势能差互动滋
长、轨道交通引导圈层结构变迁、站点分化引导
空间重构。最后对我国都市圈轨道交通的发展
建设提出了 “破除边界”“内优外联”“适度超
前”三方面的策略建议。 |
| 关键词: 复杂网络 都市圈 多层次轨道交通 空间结构 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220514 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research on Interactive Development of Rail Transit and Spatial Structure of LondonMetropolitan Circle from the Perspective of Complex System |
|
PANG Lei, REN Lijian, YUN Yingxia
|
| Abstract: |
| At present, the characteristics of the times in China’s metropolitan areas are
increasingly obvious, which are mainly manifested in population growth, employment
commuting, space expansion, industrial linkages and regional linkage. According to the
development experience of international mature metropolitan areas, the construction of rail
transit network plays an important role in promoting the evolution of the characteristics of the
spatial structure of metropolitan areas, which is mainly reflected in improving the synergistic
and complementary functional network and accelerating the efficient and convenient factor
flow. Therefore, to promote the coordinated development of the rail transit network and the
spatial structure of metropolitan areas is the key to the construction of modern metropolitan
areas. However, at the present stage, the types of rail transit in metropolitan areas in China
are relatively single, mainly based on the subway system, which is difficult to meet the future
development needs of metropolitan areas. The author chooses London metropolitan area which
is relatively mature in the world as the research object, through exploring its development and
evolution rules, in order to provide corresponding experience for the development planning of
China’s metropolitan area. The rail transit in London metropolitan area has experienced 180
years of construction, and a relatively complete multi-level rail transit network has been formed
within the metropolitan area, including the suburban railway system and the subway system.
At the same time, the spatial pattern of London metropolitan area shows a typical distribution
of “one core and many centers” under the influence of the rail transit network. The overall
research is mainly divided into three stages. First, the research method of complex network is
used to construct the growth topology model of the rail transit network in each development
stage of the metropolitan area. Gephi is used to calculate and analyze the complex eigenvalues
of the longitudinal evolution of the rail transit network, and the characteristic evolution law
of the rail transit network is summarized. Secondly, it measures the evolution of population
density distribution, construction land scale and other factors in each period of the metropolitan
area, so as to measure and analyze the spatial structure of London metropolitan area. Finally,
the interactive relationship between the rail transit network and the spatial structure evolution
of the metropolitan area is analyzed, and the interaction rules of the system are summarized
by comparing the characteristics. The results show that: 1) There is a synergistic development relationship between the distribution characteristics
of central hub station and the polycentric spatial structure of metropolitan area, and the propagation effect of rail transit network is also synergistic
development relationship with the polycentric spatial structure of metropolitan area. 2) There are three interaction rules between the rail transit
network and the spatial structure of the metropolitan area. Firstly, the growth of the rail transit network and the development of the metropolitan area
are a pair of long-term spatial interaction processes, which grow and co-evolve through the self-organization effect, completing the life cycle from
disorder to order and from low level to high level. Secondly, rail transit leads to the change of urban circle structure, and promotes the diffusion of
urban elements such as population and industry inside the central city of the metropolitan circle to the outer circle. Thirdly, densification process
of rail transit network makes urban circle rail transit site evolution happen “Matthew effect”, the differentiation of the generated hub site in the
whole network system plays an important leading role of radiation, the peripheral areas of metropolitan circle forming several times center point
or along the corridor between hub site form growth axis, thus induce space reconstruction. Therefore, it puts forward that we should pay attention
to the interaction and dynamic mechanism of multi-level rail transit network and spatial structure in the development of Chinese metropolitan
areas, and puts forward three suggestions for the development and construction of rail transit in Chinese metropolitan areas: first, it should break
down the administrative boundary barriers and support the cross-city development of municipal commuter rail; secondly, the spatial development
trend of metropolitan area should be deployed in advance, and the matching process between the spatial structure of metropolitan area and the rail
transit network should be considered in a longer time dimension. Finally, it is necessary to continuously enhance the connectivity of core nodes in
the central urban area, promote the energy level upgrading of important functional nodes, and extend the connection of peripheral towns or new
functional nodes. |
| Key words: Complex Network Metropolitan Area Multi-level Rail Transit Spatial Structure |
