|
| 摘要: |
| 疫情下医养机构封闭化管理已经步入
常态化，老年居民的心理健康受到了抑郁、焦虑
等问题的挑战。康复花园作为养老社区中重要
的心理生理康复空间，需以循证设计为原则，
为新形势下的养老社区提供切实可行的康复空
间。本文以西南地区某持续照护型（CCRC）养
老社区项目实践为载体，梳理阐述循证设计在
康复花园中完整的运用实践路径，总结我国循
证设计流程模型，为风景园林的循证实践提供
全链条式的解析和验证。本文尝试提出基于系
统医学评估指标的证据收集创新体系，为康复
花园循证设计提供运用实例，对康复花园的康
复绩效提出基于证据的定量评估模式。 |
| 关键词: CCRC社区 心理健康 康复花园 循
证设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220507 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Theoretical Application and Practical Exploration: Evidence-Based Design in HealingGardens in Continuing Care Retirement Community |
|
ZHANG Chengyuan, LONG Hao
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of COVID-19, China adopted the dynamic zero-COVID policy to cope
with the vicious spread of the epidemic. As the elderly are a high-risk group of COVID-19,
the closed management of medical care institutions in China has stepped into a normal state,
and the mental health of elderly residents has been challenged by depression, anxiety and
other problems. After the closure of the elderly community, the space for daily “exercise” and
“activity” can only be assumed by internal functions, and the rehabilitation garden naturally
becomes the core or only area for outdoor activities. Under the status of the normalization of
the epidemic, its functional utility is increasingly important.
This paper takes the practice of a continuous care retirement community (CCRC) project
in southwest China as the carrier to sort out and elaborate the complete application practice path
of evidence-based design in rehabilitation gardens. Relying on the surrounding senior technical
college, the project itself is a practical training base for health and caring skills training, so
it can systematically establish the physical and mental health index testing standards for the
elderly, so as to provide rigorous post-use evaluation results for evidence-based design, and
establish a solid research foundation for evidence-based design system.
The project design pays more attention to rehabilitation performance rather than landscape
performance. The definition of “rehabilitation performance” here should be “whether the
landscape scheme can achieve the preset medical rehabilitation objectives on the premise
of meeting the requirements of landscape performance”. The evaluation criteria are defined
according to the current medical standards of rehabilitation therapy, and are carried out from
the three aspects of physiological, psychological and social functions.
The project referred to relevant domestic and foreign evidence-based design models for
comprehensive expression, and sorted out the evidence content and results of decision-making
selection combined with the project content, so as to transform the spatial effect of landscape
psychological rehabilitation into a clear utility and quantifiable medical index. The purpose of
this paper is to summarize the evidence-based design process model in China, and to provide
a full chain analysis and verification for the evidence-based practice of landscape architecture.
The process of “clear requirements”–“proposed objectives”–“empirical data and theory
collection”–“expected fit design”–“result prediction and verification”–“construction and post-
use evaluation” was proposed.
In the theoretical analysis, the project based on the supporting environmental theory content of the hierarchical expression of psychological
needs evidence, put forward the basic concept of hierarchical garden. In the early stage of landscape design, functional planning and element
definition based on demand theory were proposed, and it was proposed that rehabilitation garden should combine elements such as activity planning,
landscape vegetation and behavioral dynamic lines to build a garden system with “rich levels”, “fine structure” and “complex depth”.
The site area is divided into three levels, four categories and six regions by building volume and traffic trunk roads. A progressive spatial
division of psychological and physical needs between levels, categories and regions is carried out as follows.
1) Extroverted participation: front garden (physiotherapy). Based on the demand category of outgoing involvement, the design adopts physical therapy
(PT) as the main activity content, and uses the original terrain and vegetation to form a natural area dominated by large grassland and woods.
2) Dominant participation: central activity area (occupational therapy). The central activity area contains the main axis of the landscape and the
greenhouses on both sides. The flower room has direct line of sight communication with the nursing unit, forming a public space for the elderly to
communicate, and the open public space is spread out around the landscape.
3) Participatory participation: perception training area. Based on the requirement category of the participating involvement area, the design
elements of the perception training area are mainly “social”, “ecological” and “planting interest”. The main projects are land preparation, planting
and maintenance related to horticultural therapy.
4) Introverted participation: back hill garden. The inwards involvement area is designed as an escape in the healing garden for the elderly with
the lowest levels of physical and mental health. In practice, the garden on the back hill is used as a space to achieve the elements of being away. The
main design elements are “refuge”, “space”, “nature” and “tranquility”.
The verification content will be analyzed and integrated through the actual medical data after operation. This paper hopes to innovatively
propose a verification and evidence collection model with evidence-based design through cross-field medical means. The evaluation of the
rehabilitation benefit of rehabilitation garden should consider three aspects of physiological, psychological and social function, and its verification
means should also be combined with three aspects of medical means.
This paper attempts to put forward an innovative evidence collection system based on systematic medical assessment indicators, to provide
practical examples for the evidence-based design of rehabilitation gardens, and to put forward an evidence-based quantitative assessment model for
rehabilitation performance of rehabilitation gardens. |
| Key words: Continuing Care Retirement Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Garden Evidence-Based Design |
