| 摘要: |
| 寨堡是福建环戴云山地区村民、乡族
大量兴建的大型集合式、防御性乡土建筑，应
对明清时期社会动乱以保障生命财产安全的
时代产物。通过历史文献查阅和田野调查参证
可知：寨堡的公共性是以营建方式和产权归属
为依据，通过地缘契约合作、血缘氏族共建和
官方推崇把制，明显具有地缘和血缘结合的特
征；进而通过防御、仪式和教育等公共事务组
织，加强巩固乡权、族权、神权三权合一的集中
控制形式。基于此，分别从建造规模、防御工
事、空间布局等方面分析闽中大田、尤溪和永泰
地区寨堡公共空间的地域性特征和区别。以期
对乡土建筑文化遗产的价值认识和保护传承具
有借鉴意义。 |
| 关键词: 寨堡 地缘 血缘 公共空间 戴云山 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220620 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（52208013）；
福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2022J05126）；
福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目（科技类）
（JAT210037） |
|
| Analysis on Spatial Characteristics of Defensive Vernacular Architecture in Central Fujian Province from the Perspective of “Publicity” |
|
ZHANG Binghua,ZHAO Yachen,LI Jianjun
|
| Abstract: |
| Zhaibao are large-scale collective and defensive vernacular buildings built by
villagers and clans in the Daiyun mountain area of Fujian Province. They are era products
of coping with social unrest in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to ensure the safety of life and
property. Through historical literature review and field investigation, it can be seen that large
defensive vernacular buildings are the physical space barriers for local forces to defend the
safety of personal and clan life and property. The ruling class such as bureaucrats and landlords
can maintain long-term social stability, and villagers can organize production activities
to secure their lives, so as to meet the interests of all parties and further consolidate the
relationship between the township and clans. Therefore, building Zhaibao become an effective
way for villagers and clans to protect themselves and maintain group interests. The public
attribute of Zhaibao is based on its construction and investment methods as well as nature
of supervision and service subjects, that is, its “public” coverage boundary is determined by
property rights and use rights. Their public attributes are based on and established in three
forms, namely, geographical contract cooperation, blood clan co-construction and official
praise system, which obviously has the characteristics of combination of geography and blood.
Through the organization of public affairs such as public defense, ritual activities and public
education, the collective public affairs organization of rural people is restricted and disciplined,
so as to form the rules for the use of public spaces in the defense of rural interior, and
strengthen and consolidate the centralized control form of the integration of township rights,
clan rights and divine rights.
Based on the organizational form of public affairs, the public spaces of Zhaibao can
be divided into ritual spaces, courtyard spaces and path spaces, which play their respective
public functions. The ritual spaces include the hall spaces of different positions, which mainly
undertake the public affairs such as ancestor worship, wedding and funeral ceremony and
public discussion. The courtyard spaces include large and small patios, inner courtyards,
flower terraces and ditches, etc., which are mainly used for temporary gathering, ventilation
and lighting, grain drying, ornamental planting, rainwater and sewage discharge and other
functions. The path spaces include connecting corridors, water pavilions, defensive channels,
etc., which mainly carries traffic functions such as daily life and defense streamline. Through
the construction of architectural maps of 21 typical Zhaibao in central Fujian, the architecturalmapping and statistical analysis of their public spaces were carried out, and the regional characteristics and differences of public spaces in Datian,
Youxi and Yongtai areas in central Fujian were analyzed from the aspects of construction scale, fortifications and spatial layout. The following
conclusions can be drawn: 1) Tubao in Datian County of Sanming City, Tubao in Youxi County and Zhuangzhai in Yongtai County of Fuzhou City
are all located in the area around Daiyunshan, with similar construction ages and social backgrounds. Therefore, the three are of the same origin,
similar spatial shape and technological materials. However, due to the influence of topographic environment, economic strength, local craftsmen,
construction methods and other factors, there are slight differences in scale, spatial layout, proportion of public spaces and detailed craft; 2) in the
scale of building space, compared with Datian County and Youxi County, the construction scale of Yongtai Zhuangzhai are relatively large, many
buildings cover an area of more than 3 000 square meters; 3) the public spaces of all kinds of Zhaibao account for more than half of the total area; 4)
there are obvious differences in the layout and proportion of public courtyard space in Zhaibao.
Although the defensive function of Zhaibao has been withdrawn from the historical stage, a large number of Zhaibao in the Dayunshan area
have been declared as protected historic sites at all levels, further improving their public properties. In response to the national strategic needs of
improving the quality of living environment and rural revitalization and cultural renaissance, the diversified adaptation of space publicity makes
the Zhaibao more possible in protection, inheritance and rational utilization. Adapted to the current needs of rural development, they can be used as
the carrier of villagers’ public service spaces, and built into the villagers’ leisure activity centers, local folk museums, traditional Chinese culture
education centers, research bases of colleges and universities, and characteristic hotels. As important material cultural heritages, Zhaibao have the
potential to play more public functions while continuing to gather the geographical and blood relationship of rural society. they combine the public
attribute of Zhaibao with the continuation of the historical development context, so as to meet the basic requirements of maintaining the integrity,
authenticity and continuity of vernacular buildings. It is beneficial to promote the inheritance and development of Fujian’s excellent traditional local
culture and improve the quality of cultural industries. |
| Key words: Zhaibao Geopolitical Relationship Blood Relationship Public Space Dayun Mountain |
