| 摘要: |
| 近年来，随着我国经济社会的发展和
国家政策的推动，装配式建筑在我国呈现出蓬
勃发展的态势。标准化是装配式建筑设计的重
要方法，但在实践中凸显出标准化带来的多样性
不足、建筑立面呆板等问题，标准化与多样化的
矛盾成为装配式建筑发展中亟待解决的问题。
论文对国内外相关的研究状况进行了梳理和研
究，分析了装配式建筑多样化设计的经典案例与
方法，总结其成功经验，从建筑形体、表皮、空
间、内装四个方面提出了多样性设计方法，希望
能为促进装配式建筑的高质量发展发挥积极的
作用。 |
| 关键词: 装配式建筑 预制构件 标准化 多样
化 设计方法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220603 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市科技计划项目（cstc2021yszx-jcyj0003） |
|
| Research on Diversified Design Methods of Prefabricated Buildings |
|
ZONG Dexin,YANG Qingqing
|
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, with the development of China’s economy and society and the
promotion of national policies, the rapid development of the construction industry, the
emergence and application of new technologies and new products, more and more people
pay attention to prefabricated buildings. In China, prefabricated buildings are still in the
initial stage. However, in recent years, the state has paid special attention to the development
of prefabricated buildings, and the policy support for prefabricated buildings has been
continuously strengthened, and the government has successively issued corresponding
guiding concepts. Prefabricated buildings are showing a vigorous development trend in
China. Prefabricated buildings are conducive to saving resources, protecting the environment,
improving quality and efficiency, and promoting sustainable development, which has become
one of the important development trends of the construction industry. It is an important method
to standardize the design of prefabricated buildings. In the process of the development of
prefabricated buildings, problems such as insufficient diversity brought by standardization
and inflexible building facades have emerged, and the contradiction between standardization
and diversification has become increasingly prominent. How to realize the diversification of
prefabricated buildings under the premise of standardization as much as possible has become a
problem worthy of study and attention. The standardized design of prefabricated buildings does
not depend entirely on the “mechanical” combination of standard component libraries, and it is
difficult to produce them in large quantities like other industrial products. How to coordinate
the contradiction between standardization and diversification puts forward higher requirements
for the design of prefabricated buildings. From the architect’s point of view, this paper explores
the diversified design of prefabricated buildings, and then puts forward a design method with
universal guiding significance for the diversified design of prefabricated buildings, hoping to
play a positive role in promoting the high-level development of prefabricated buildings. Aiming
at the problem of how to carry out diversified design in the development of prefabricated
buildings, this paper selects the typical cases of foreign representative architectural design
firms in the field of prefabricated buildings, analyzes and summarizes their design ideas and
methods. It also sorts out and studies the relevant research situation at home and abroad,
analyzes the research experience and understands the existing excellent research results.
Through the analysis of these classic cases, we can see the diversified design of prefabricated
buildings. The main concerns lie in controlling the materials, details, crafts and technologies
of the buildingsrealizing small specifications and multiple combinations of building modulesand components, creating flexible variability of architecture and attaching importance to the sustainable development of architecture. These design
methods are embodied in the architectural form, elevation, space, interior and other aspects, which endow the architecture with personalized
features. The development of prefabricated buildings needs the collaboration and innovation of the whole industry. Architectural design plays
an important role in the industrial chain of prefabricated buildings. While emphasizing “standardized design”, it should also pay full attention to
“diversified design” of prefabricated buildings. Through the analysis of typical diversified cases of prefabricated buildings, this paper discusses
diversified design methods from four aspects: shape, skin, space and interior of prefabricated buildings, so as to promote the organic combination of
standardization and diversification and meet the individual needs of users. The architecture produces a variety of architectural forms through various
types of modular design and combinations of modular units, and tries to create lively architectural forms while interacting with the environment
through the echo of architectural forms and the environment. The building skin is the first business card that the building presents to people. The
prefabricated building skin needs to be functional, holistic, technical, cultural and aesthetic, and follow the design principles of modularization,
standardization, serialization and combination diversification. Prefabricated skin components mainly include external wall panels, doors and
windows, external sunshade, balcony and roof, etc. The architectural functional space should consider the sustainability in its life cycle, and make
the use of space adapted to the changes of users’ current living habits, economic level, aesthetic differences, family structure, etc. in the functional
change link, emphasizing adaptability and variability make full use of the characteristics of integration and modularization of prefabricated buildings
to integrate various functional modules use unit modules with specific functions as component base blocks, and use limited standard modules to
realize unlimited 2D (plane) series combination and unlimited 3D (shape, elevation, space) series combination and growth, resulting in diversified
architectural schemes with different functions, different scales and different performances. The interior design of the building pays attention to the
detailed design of parts and components, and establishes an information platform and a mature product system to realize menu customization of
parts and components. Owners can choose different combinations according to their own preferences, and determine the decoration scheme through
comparison and selection. It is hoped that this study can play an active role in promoting the high-quality development of prefabricated buildings. |
| Key words: Prefabricated Building Precast Element Standardization Individualization Design Strategy |
