| 摘要: |
| 在人口老龄化和“健康中国”的大背景
下，绿色开放空间作为日常社交活动发生的重要
场所，对于促进老年人社会交往，提高其健康
水平具有重要意义。然而，目前较少有研究关注
到不同行为特征社交活动对绿色开放空间需求
的分异。选取南京市8个社区中的老年群体作为
研究对象，以问卷调查数据和城市建成环境要
素为基础构建多元线性回归模型探讨绿色开放
空间对老年人静态和动态两类不同行为特征社
会交往活动的影响。结果发现：客观建成环境
中实际出行时间、步行道密度与主观感知的设施
完备、尺度适宜和环境美观对两类社交活动均
有显著影响。两类社交活动对绿色开放空间的
需求具有分异。静态社交对社区广场和社区附
近的游园有较大需求，且偏好尺度较小、私密感较强的空间。动态社交多发生在综合性的公园广场中，对绿色空间的便捷到达属性的感知更为敏
感。研究证实了不同行为特征的社会交往活动对绿色开放空间具有不同的需求，可为老龄宜居城
市的建设提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 静态社交活动 动态社交活动 绿色开放空间 多元线性回归 老年人 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220409 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（41771184）；国家社会
科学基金重点项目（17ASH003） |
|
| Study on the Influence of Green Open Space on Different Social Interaction of the Elderly:A Case Study of Nanjing City |
|
SHI Yiwen,ZHU Xigang,SUN Jie
|
| Abstract: |
| Population aging is an important social and public health problem for China. It will be
a long-term task for China to actively deal with population aging and pay attention to the health
problems of the elderly. In the context of population aging and “healthy China”, green open
space, as an important place for daily social activities, is of great significance to promote social
interaction and improve the health level of the elderly. However, at home and abroad, studies
on social interaction activities have ignored the differentiation of different types of social
interaction activities and the differentiation of built environment requirements of different social
interaction activities. Due to the diversity of activity types, the social behaviors of the elderly
are also characterized by different spatial needs. In particular, static and dynamic activities
have different spatial requirements due to their different intensity, scope and frequency.
The elderly in eight communities in Nanjing City were selected as the research objects.
The research content included basic personal information, social activity characteristics and
subjective evaluation of the built environment and other data needed for the study. When
selecting the research site, the difference between the green open space inside and outside the
community was taken into account to avoid the elderly having too consistent preference for
social interaction due to the similar built environment. Based on the questionnaire survey data
and urban built environment elements, a multiple linear regression model was constructed to
explore the influence of green open space on the static and dynamic social interaction of the
elderly. The study classified chatting and card-like sports as static social activities and classified
group dance and ball games as dynamic social activities. The independent variables included
personal basic attributes, objective built environment and subjective built environment. The
basic personal attributes included the social and economic attributes of the elderly, such as
gender, age, property ownership status and marriage status, as well as physical health status
and personal social intention. Objective built environment included space level and place
level. Space level factors included spatial accessibility and connectivity. The factors at thesite level mainly affected the social interaction activities from the micro environmental quality, including scale, type green supply. Subjective built
environment involved five indexes: complete facilities, appropriate scale, beautiful environment, safety degree and convenience.
The result shows that different types of social activities have the same and different needs for space. To be specific, the actual travel time,
walkway density and the subjective perception of complete facilities, appropriate scale and beautiful environment have significant impact on both
two types of social activities. In terms of different needs, static social interaction has a greater demand for community squares and gardens nearby,
and prefers smaller and more intimate spaces. Dynamic social interaction mostly occurs in parks and squares, and is more sensitive to the perception
of convenience.
The study confirms that the construction of green open space is of great significance to the occurrence of social activities of the elderly, and
social interaction activities with different behavioral characteristics have different needs for the scale, type and subjective perception of green open
space. The research conclusions highlight the necessity of distinguishing different types of social activities in future studies. Meanwhile, urban
planning needs to promote the construction of livable space for the elderly after understanding the needs of different social activities, and creates
a variety of green open spaces for the elderly with different social needs. In order to build an age-friendly green open space system, based on the
research conclusions, this paper proposes environmental optimization strategies from both macro and micro levels. |
| Key words: Static Social Activities Dynamic Social Activities Green Open Space Multiple Linear Regression Model the Elderly |
