| 摘要: |
| 宗山建筑聚落是旧西藏最主要的建
筑聚落形式，它几乎包含旧西藏所有的建筑
类型。宗山聚落历史悠久，它的形成与空间
形态反映了西藏城镇格局及发展，具有强烈
的地域色彩，是研究西藏城镇发展的绝佳切
入点。通过分析西藏宗山的原意，采用广
义宗山的概念，将宫殿建筑及狭义的县一级
行政单位宗山建筑归为宗堡式建筑一类，统
称为宗山建筑。从西藏历史上发生的重大事
件出发，对西藏宗山建筑聚落进行分期，归
纳分析了不同时期宗山聚落的代表性聚落、
功能及地位、营造特征、宗教特征。以日喀
则、江孜为例，分析了宗山聚落的功能性
质、选址布局、空间分布形态及城镇形成过
程，并对宗山聚落形成的城镇规划思想进行
了评析，以图全面客观地把握宗山聚落的总
体特征及历史价值。 |
| 关键词: 西藏 宗山聚落 空间形态 城镇格
局 形成 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220319 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西藏民族大学科研项目（19MDY05）；西藏自治区
高等教育教学改革研究项目（JG2019-3） |
|
| Analysis on the Spatial Form and Urban Pattern of Traditional Zongshan Villlage in TibetAutonomous Region |
|
ZHANG Genfeng
|
| Abstract: |
| Traditional Tibetan architecture is a self-contained architecture with regional
and ethnic characteristics in our country, it occupies an important position in our country’s
traditional architecture. The Zongshan architectural village is the most important form of
architectural village in old Tibet, and it contains almost all the architectural types of old Tibet.
Zongshan village has a long history. Its formation and spatial form reflect the pattern and
development of Tibetan cities and towns. It has a strong regional color and is an excellent entry
point to study the development of Tibetan cities and towns. By analyzing the original meaning
of Zongshan in Tibet and adopting the concept of Zongshan in a broad sense, the palace
buildings and the county-level administrative unit Zongshan buildings in a narrow sense are
classified as Zongbao-style buildings, which are collectively referred to as Zongshan buildings.
Starting from the major events in the history of Tibet, the architectural villages of
Zongshan are divided into stages, and the representative villages, functions and status,
construction characteristics and religious characteristics of Zongshan villages in different
periods were summarized and analyzed. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of
traditional Tibetan Zongshan villages, and summarizes the functional properties, site selection
and layout characteristics, and conditions for the formation of urban layouts. The construction
of traditional Zongshan villages and the formation of the urban pattern were analyzed. Taking
Shigatse and Gyantse as examples, the functional nature, location layout, spatial distribution
and urban formation process of Zongshan villages were analyzed. It can be concluded that
Tibetan Zongshan buildings and palace buildings belong to the same type of buildings, they
are the seat of political organs, and they all belong to the Zongbao type or Zongshan type of
architecture. They have the same character and purpose, and have approximately the same
architectural function and overall layout. The spatial layout pattern of Zongshan villages is
continuous, and they are all in the form of landscape patterns. Government offices are generally
arranged on the mountain, Zongbao-style Zongshan village is formed, with water sources under
it, and the mountains and rivers are close to the water, and most of the lower areas are river
valleys and plains for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The site selection
is scientific. The evolution of Tibetan cities and towns is similar. They all evolved through
the Zongshan villages, and experienced the development and evolution of Zongs, snows, and
monasteries. It is the product of the development of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet to a certainstage, and it is also the embodiment of the development history of Tibet. The sect and the temple constitute the bipolar of the town, forming the town.
The town planning thought formed by the Zongshan village was introduced. This paper reviews and analyzes the viewpoints that some scholars believe
that Confucianism has little influence and chooses to neutralize Buddhism. It is believed that Confucianism has a certain influence on traditional Tibetan
architectural villages, and choosing a neutral Buddha is the embodiment of Tibetan ritual architecture. The ladder theory, the witch theory, the center theory,
the King Kong theory, and the afterlife theory in the current planning and design thinking also put forward viewpoints that need to be improved.
Discussing the traditional Tibetan architectural villages in Zongshan, researching and summarizing the formation and development of ancient
Tibetan architecture and cities, can provide reference for the protection and development of traditional Tibetan architectural villages. It may provide
some reference for modern planning and design. It has both historical and practical significance for inheriting and developing the excellent traditional
ethnic architectural cultural heritage. |
| Key words: Tibet Autonomous Region Zongshan Village Spatial Form Urban Pattern Formation |
