| 摘要: |
| 山区高环境空间异质性对于生物多样
性维持具有重要支撑作用，生物多样性是乡村
绿色发展的重要基础资源。生态振兴是山区乡
村振兴的重要发展方向，其中生物多样性保育与
可持续利用已成为乡村生态振兴的重要途径。西
南武陵山区是中国生物多样性热点区域，丰富而
独特的生物多样性为武陵山区乡村生态振兴奠
定了良好基础。本文以地处武陵山区的重庆市
石柱县桥头镇为例，基于其“林—草—湿”一体
化的优良生态本底和丰富独特的山地生物多样
性资源，针对山区立体环境特征、生态资源禀赋
和生物多样性现状，在探讨其山地生物多样性
特征的基础上，提出了基于生物多样性保育的乡村生态振兴目标、策略及模式，为山地区域从多空间维度、多时空尺度、多产业层次实现乡村生态
振兴提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 生物多样性保育 西南武陵山区 乡村生态振兴 “林—草—湿”一体化 立体生态产业 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220306 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52178031）；重庆市生
态环境局重点科技项目（CQEE-21C00364） |
|
| Exploration on the Ecological Revitalization Model of Mountainous Rural Areas Based onBiodiversity Conservation: A Case Study of Qiaotou Town in Wuling Mountain Area |
|
XIANG Lingfeng,YUAN Xingzhong,YUAN Jia,SONG Dan,CHEN Senlin
|
| Abstract: |
| The high environmental spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas supports rich
biodiversity, and biodiversity is an important basic resource for rural green development. Ecological
revitalization is an important development direction for rural revitalization in mountainous
areas, and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are important issues for rural ecological
revitalization. As key areas of biodiversity in China, the rich and unique biodiversity has laid a good
foundation for the ecological revitalization of the Southwestern Wuling Mountains. Qiaotou Town
of Shizhu County is located in Wuling Mountain Area in Southwest China. It is a representative area
of mountain ecosystem, with complex and diverse ecosystem, three-dimensional ecological style
of forest-grassland-wetland integration, diverse habitats and high biodiversity. Based on the three-
dimensional environmental characteristics, ecological resource endowments and biodiversity status
in mountainous areas, the goal of rural ecological revitalization based on biodiversity conservation
is proposed. Focusing on the four aspects of ecological industry, ecological human settlement,
ecological management and ecological culture, this paper puts forward the objectives, strategies and
models of rural ecological revitalization based on biodiversity conservation. The research results
can provide reference for mountainous areas to realize rural ecological revitalization from multiple
spatial dimensions, multiple temporal and spatial scales and multiple industrial levels. Five models
for rural ecological revitalization for biodiversity conservation are established. 1) Construction of
ecological space protection network model with protected areas as the core. Based on the ecological
space network planning method, identify the ecological source areas and various ecological nodes
in rural planning, and construct ecological corridors, form an interconnected overall ecological
space network, form a continuous ecological space, give play to the core functions of biodiversity
conservation and water conservation, and form an optimized service pattern with leading functions
as priority, mountain carbon sinks, climate regulation and other multi-functional couplings. 2)
Ecological restoration model centered on Tengzigou Reservoir Wetland. Strengthen the rural
ecological restoration of Qiaotou Town, focusing on promoting the treatment of blooms and water
environment in reservoirs and tributary reservoirs, the restoration of degraded mountain ecosystemsaround reservoirs, soil erosion control, comprehensive improvement of village environment, and prevention and control of invasive species. 3) A three-
dimensional ecological industry model that revitalizes the mountains with biodiversity. Utilize the resource advantages of abundant biodiversity, build a
mountain ecological industry cluster in Wuling Mountains with the mountain agriculture-forest-wetland composite ecological industry as the core, develop
multi-functional and multi-benefit ecological agriculture, ecological forestry, agroforestry complex industry, mountain wetland industry, etc. 4) Mountain
human settlement environment construction model of “mountain-water-forest-field-residence”. The elements of “mountain-water-forest-field-residence”
are spatially interconnected and functionally interrelated, and have become the characteristic human settlement mode in Wuling Mountain. Relying on the
natural conditions and human geography environment of the mountainous areas of Qiaotou Town, the mountains and water systems in the human settlement
environment system are sorted out, and the rich rural landscape structure is retained, which provides a good habitat for various rural plants and animals,
which is conducive to the protection and improvement of rural biodiversity. 5) Model of mountain ecological culture revival containing ecological wisdom.
Establish the concept of rural ecological revitalization based on ecosystem and culture, excavate the rich traditional ecological wisdom contained in the
production and lifestyle of the mountainous villages in southwest China, and make use of rich biodiversity resources to promote rural nature education
and accelerate the revival of rural ecological culture. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation pose a major threat to human survival and development.
China’s rural ecosystem covers half of the land area and has important biodiversity conservation value and potential. Taking Qiaotou Town in Wuling
Mountains as an example, this paper explores the path of rural ecological revitalization in mountainous areas based on biodiversity conservation, and the
largest capital of Qiaotou Town is ecological capital, especially rich biodiversity, so the rural ecological revitalization based on biodiversity conservation
is the support point of the five major revitalization of Qiaotou Town. Qiaotou Town provides a demonstration model for rural ecological revitalization and
biodiversity conservation and gives direction for future rural ecological revitalization. In future research, we should further explore the synergistic symbiotic
relations between mountain biodiversity and rural green development and its regulatory mechanism, develop sustainable use methods and key technologies
for sustainable use of mountainous rural biodiversity that adapt to changes in mountain environment, and carry out innovative paths, technical systems and
popularization and application research on the synergy between rural green development and biodiversity conservation that adapt to multi-temporal scale
mountain environmental changes. |
| Key words: Biodiversity Conservation Southwestern Wuling Mountains Rural Ecological Revitalization Forest-Grassland-Wetland Integration Stereoscopic Ecological Industry |
