| 摘要: |
| 南粤古驿道是中国乃至世界驿道文化
的典型代表，拥有突出的综合价值。次生林作
为南粤古驿道沿线森林资源的主体，在生态、
社会和经济效益上都发挥着重要的作用。为探
究人为干扰对古道沿线次生林群落的影响，本
研究选取位于广东省中部的从化古道沿线次生
林作为研究对象，从次生林植物多样性对人为
干扰程度的响应入手，研究不同人为干扰对群
落物种组成、植物多样性的影响。结果表明，在
调查区共记录到维管植物131种，隶属66科123
属，不同强度干扰群落组成与植物多样性存在
差异，随干扰强度增加，乔木层综合多样性水平
逐渐增加，灌木层各项指数于中度干扰下达到
峰值，草本层数据水平随干扰强度增加逐渐降
低。指示种分析进一步确定了不同干扰强度下具有显著指示值的指示种。综合分析表明，古驿道的次生林受到道路时间尺度和空间尺度两方面
的影响，其多样性特征呈现出一定特异性，同时道路或人为砍伐导致的林窗会影响植物的生长和
竞争模式。 |
| 关键词: 南粤古驿道 从化古道 道路生态 人为干扰 植物多样性 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220304 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省林 业 局生态林 业 建设专项资金项目
（F210002） |
|
| Response of Plant Diversity of Secondary Forest Along Conghua Historical Trail toHuman Interference |
|
PANG Xingchen,SUN ZhiQian,CHEN Jingfeng,WU Yongbin
|
| Abstract: |
| The historical trail in Guangdong is a unique and significant example of an ancient
road in China and across the world. Its comprehensive value makes it a valuable resource
for researchers and tourists. The main benefit of forest resources near the historic trail in
Guangdong is that they provide ecological, social, and economical benefits. Secondary forest is
an important part of this landscape and is vitally important for the continued health of the area.
The goal of this study was to explore the impact of human disturbance on the secondary forest
community along the ancient road in the middle of Guangdong Province. The secondary forest
along the Conghua historical trail was chosen as the research object. In studying the effects
of different levels of human disturbance on the species composition and plant diversity of a
community of a secondary forest, it was found that the degree of disturbance had a significant
impact on both factors.
The relative influence method was used to measure the interference intensity of the
Conghua historical trail. This was done by measuring the amount of disturbance that the trail
caused to surrounding ecosystems. Five factors, including the distance from the towns, the
agricultural and residential areas along the line, the length of the road and the human traces
in the forest, were chosen to quantitatively assess the degree of secondary forest interference
along the historical trail of Conghua. The traditional sample plot method was used. The study
investigated the effects of environmental factors, such as altitude, slope angle, and slope, on
plant growth in three typical sample plots of 40 square meters each.
After field investigation, the results showed that 131 species of vascular plants belonging to
66 families and 123 genes were registered in nine plots of land with a total area of 3600 square
meters, mostly Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rutaceae. Of these, 37 species in
the arbor layer belong to 20 households and 33 genomes, mainly found in Lauraceae, Rutaceae,
Fagaceae, and Sterculiaceae; 70 species belong to 34 households and 54 genomes, mainly
Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Araliaceae, Moraceae, Rutaceae, etc; 54 species of herbaceous layer
belong to 34 families and 50 genomes, consisting mainly of Asteraceae, Gramineae, Rubiaceae,Pteridaceae, and Blechnaceae. The shrub layer is the most important layer in the forest ecosystem, and it contributes most to the diversity of plants
and animals in the forest. Among these, seven woody plants including, Aporosa dioica, Schefflera heptaphylla, Desmos Chinensis, Wendlandia
uvariifolia, Melicape pteleifolia, Ficus hirta, and Psychotria Asiatica, all appeared in the sample plots with different interference intensity. Besides,
differences exhibited in the community composition and plant diversity among different intensities of disturbance. With the increase of interference
intensity, the comprehensive diversity level of arbor layer gradually improved, the diversity indexes of shrub layer reached the peak at the moderate
interference, and the diversity data level of herb layer gradually decreased with the increase of disturbance intensity.
According to the analysis results of indicator species under different anthropogenic interference intensities, the indicator value IV of eight
species was ≥ 60 (P < 0.05). One species belongs to the arbor layer, and the remaining seven species belong to the shrub layer. Indicator species
analysis further determined the indicator species with significant indicator values under different interference intensities.
The comprehensive analysis shows that the secondary forest in the historical trail is affected by the time scale and spatial scale of the road,
and its diverse characteristics show certain specificity. At the same time, the gap caused by road or man-made cutting will affect the growth and
competition mode of plants. The historical trail in Guangdong is not only a linear cultural heritage but also an ecological corridor. It has a variety of
ecological functions, such as transmission, filtration, and barrier. At the same time, it plays a significant role in the function of habitat. Meanwhile,
the ecological function of the road should be put in the first place in its activation and utilization. Future research on the road ecology of the historical
trail should strengthen the research on the genetic pedigree structure of Road plant community species, and pay attention to the evolution and
succession of native plants and exotic plants.
As a conclusion, this study explores the independence and recovery capacity of the secondary forest ecosystem along the historical trail
of Conghua, analyzes the ecological reactions of plants at every community level of different intensities of human disturbance, to explore the
development rule and correlation of the community species diversity level under different intensities of human disturbance and to accurately assess
the ecological impact of disturbance on the plant community. It is very important to protect and maintain the stability of the forest ecosystem and the
ecological restoration of historical trails in Guangdong. |
| Key words: South China Historical Trail Conghua Historical Trail Road Ecology Human Disturbance Plant Diversity |
