| 摘要: |
| 公园绿地是破碎化城市生境中鸟类重
要的栖息地，其植被特征是影响鸟类活动的重
要因素。山地复杂地形地貌条件下，公园植被特
征对鸟类群落的影响作用尚不明确。本文以山
地公园典型代表——重庆鸿恩寺森林公园中的
夏季鸟类群落为研究对象，综合运用PCA主成
分分析、Ward聚类分析、Pinaka指数等方法，对
公园鸟类集团构成及其空间生态位重叠情况进
行了分析，并重点探讨了公园植被特征对其活动
与分布的影响。结果表明，鸿恩寺森林公园夏季
鸟类可大致划分为6个鸟类集团；鸟类栖息、取
食和运动等方面需求在空间上的互补与重合关
系导致了各鸟类集团在空间生态位上的重叠与
分离；乔灌草层次上的植被垂直结构特征，以及
植物种类组成等对夏季鸟类群落均有着深刻的
影响。研究结果将为从生态服务功能提升角度
开展山地城市公园植物景观管理提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 生物多样性 鸟类群落 山地公园 植
被特征 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220303 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52078074）；重庆市青少年创新
人才培养雏鹰计划项目（CY220124） |
|
| Influence of Vegetation Characteristics on Summer Bird Communities in Mountainous Park |
|
LI Bo,HE Meng,XIAO Hongyan
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban parks taking important habitat responsibility for birds, and vegetation
characteristics in parks are important factors affecting bird activities. However, the effect
of vegetation characteristics on bird community is not clear in mountainous cities. This
paper studied on the relations between the summer bird communities and the vegetation
characteristics in Chongqing Hongen Temple Forest Park. According to the overall distribution
of topography and vegetation, 19 survey sites were randomly selected in the park. From late
July to late August 2018, field surveys were carried out using the sampling point method in
the time period from 06:30 to 10:00 in the morning. Investigators recorded vegetation data,
including bird behavior (perching, movement, foraging) and plant community characteristics
within each plot. This study analyzed the bird groups and their spatial niche overlap situations,
and focused on the influence of vegetation characteristics on birds’ activities and distribution.
The principal component analysis (PCA), Ward’s method clustering analysis and Pinaka index
were integrated in the study.
The results showed that there were 30 species of summer birds in Hongen Temple Forest
Park. According to the feeding habits, feeding patterns and vegetation levels, those summer
birds could be divided into six groups, including: G1-Insectivorous Pickup Group in Shrub
Layer, G2-Insectivore Pickup Set in Ground Cover Layer, G3-Herbivorous Pickup Group in
Tree-shrub Layer, G4-Carnivorous Attack Group in Tree-shrub Layer, G5-Omnivorous Pickup
Group in Tree-shrub Layer, G6-Insect-eating Flying Group. The spatial complementarity
and overlap of bird habitat, foraging, and movement requirements lead to the overlap and
separation of bird populations in spatial niches. And this is conducive to the rational allocation
of resources for different bird species and the coexistence of parks and green spaces; the
vertical structure of vegetation and the composition of plant species have a profound influence
on summer bird community, among which as an important habitat for birds. The ground cover
is rich in invertebrate and plant seeds and is an important feeding site for many birds; while the
shrub layer is an important transition space between tree layer and ground layer; and the arbor
layer is an important vegetation structure in the park’s green spaces, increasing the richness and
diversity of bird species by providing places for most birds to perch, nest, hide and feed. Further
more, the arbor layer provides a fulcrum for most birds to move quickly in the park. Whether it
is based on foraging needs or escaping danger, choosing the tree layer for movement is the most
effective way, so most of the movement behavior of birds occurs in the tree layer. Although the
hierarchical structure of the vegetation in the vertical space for different birds group providesspace differentiation behavior demand, but birds in such aspects as habitat, feeding and exercise the specific needs of usually is not done in a single
space of vegetation, there are often complementary space and the coincide, the resulting group in birds on the spatial niche overlap and separation
of concerns. According to the principle of niche, the separation of bird groups in spatial niche helps different bird species to reasonably allocate
resources and realize their coexistence in the park green space.
Based on the analysis results, it is recommend that in order to improve the efficiency of green space ecological services, the number of plants
with higher important values are required to increase appropriately; according to the living habits of birds, it is proposed to optimize the relations
between plant community and planting combination to improve plant utilization efficiency; several important ways were suggested to providing
stepping stone patches for birds, including combination with the plant collocation of the surrounding land, adjustment of the plant community
composition in the park, supplemented by the creation of specific habitats. Results of this study will provide a reference for plant landscape
management in mountainous urban parks from the perspective of ecological service enhancement. |
| Key words: Biodiversity Bird Community Mountainous Park Vegetation Characteristics |
