| 摘要: |
| 乡村的农业产品供给、生态屏障和文
化传承等多元功能价值日益凸显，亟需策略指引
以满足乡村多元功能运作的基本需求，推动乡村
多功能转型。自古以来，我国乡村营建就注重人
水和谐关系，每个农耕区域亦可视为传统水利
社会。“水”对于乡村的多元价值体现为有机串
联“三生”功能、并相互作用的开放、复合体系，
其符合乡村多功能转型的作用机制。首先从乡村
的“三生”功能属性出发，通过对乡村转型语境
下“水”的多元价值再认知：基于流域网络的系
统开放性、基于水体自净的动态适应性和基于
协同演进的自主互动性，进一步从“经济生产、
自然生态、社会生活”三个维度提出以“水”为
主线的乡村转型发展策略，并将其运用至仓口
村规划实践之中，旨在寻求乡村永续发展的适应
性方法，探索乡村振兴的可能途径。 |
| 关键词: 水系统 乡村转型 多功能乡村 乡村规划 乡村振兴 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220220 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目资助（2018YFD1100300） |
|
| Exploration on Rural Transformation Strategy with Water as the Main Line: Based on theRe-Cognition of the Multiple Values of Water |
|
LI Heping,LAI Wentao,FU Peng,HE Yanqing
|
| Abstract: |
| Since ancient times, rural construction in China has always followed the ecological
concept of symbiosis with water, which is also the fundamental portrayal of the ancients’ pursuit
of the ideals of rural human settlements. Each rural farming area can be regarded as a traditional
water conservancy society. However, with the coordinated advancement of globalization,
urbanization, and industrialization, the single function of agriculture in the rural area has been
historically ended. The value of multiple functions such as the supply of agricultural products,
ecological barriers and cultural inheritance in the rural area has become increasingly prominent.
The theory of multifunctional transition in rural has gradually became a new paradigm to
guide the development of rural transformation. Western scholar G Wilson emphasized that the
multifunctional transition of rural areas requires the use of the interaction of economic, social and
environmental factors to create multifunctionality. Realizing rural multifunctional transition can
not only solve the problems of water scarcity, deterioration of water environment, low efficiency
of water ecology, loss of water culture characteristics and other problems commonly faced by
rural areas in China, but also play the internal interaction of economic, social and environmental
factors to enhance the village’s resilience in the face of internal and external disturbances to
achieve sustainable development. Therefore, the healthy operation of the water system is the
prerequisite and foundation for sustainable rural development. The multiple value of the Water
to the rural area is embodied as an open and complex system that organically connects the
functions of the ecological-production-living and interacts with each other, which is in line with
the rural multifunctional transition. The mechanism of action provides a new perspective for the
transformation of rural multifunctionality.
Starting from the context of rural transformation, this paper re-cognizes the three aspects
of the value of the water: the industrial source, natural base, and human settlements, and
summarizes it as systematic openness based on watershed networks, dynamic adaptability
based on water self-purification, autonomous interaction based on collaborative evolution,
discusses the dynamics of rural multifunctional transformation and its mode of action, and
proposes corresponding transformation goals. Secondly, from the three dimensions of economic
production, natural ecology, and social life of the rural complex system, this paper constructsa two-way interaction model between the water multi-value system and the rural complex system. Taking the water as the main line, three strategic
frameworks of construct an industrial system that integrates urban and rural areas, maintaining a dynamic and stable rural environment, and
construct a collaborative and interactive social stage are proposed to provide adaptive paths and methods for rural transformation and development.
The specific contents include: considering the expansion of the rural industrial system space from the perspective of the river basin, incorporating
the background resource endowment of the river basin into the formulation of the industrial direction and positioning, and building an industrial
integration system based on the multi-value of the water to enhance the efficiency of industrial collaboration. Optimizing the spatial pattern of the
water network, and strengthening the integration of water and green spaces, determining the development threshold according to the sensitivity of
water ecology and the carrying capacity of the water environment, and reproducing the local beauty and water landscape charm through adaptive
engineering design and waterfront space construction. Constructing a living field of collaborative landscape-culture of water, building material space
guided by diverse hydrophilic needs to strengthen integration of diversified crowd, inherit rural culture, and building a water system maintenance
mechanism with multiple subjects participating to enhance rural self-organization capabilities.
On this basis of the above, this paper applies our strategies to the planning practice of a typical rural settlement living with the water—
Cangkou Village in Nanjing. Cangkou Village has historically prospered as an important water transportation granary, and it has the profound water
transportation culture and clan culture heritage. However, it has gradually declined due to the loss of the function of the water transportation granary.
Under the impact of urbanization nowadays, it has encountered severe crises such as pollution of water environment, lack of water resources and loss
of water culture. There is an urgent need for adaptive strategies to achieve rural transformation and development. Combining the current analysis
of the aquatic industry, water environment and water ecology, this paper proposes three planning strategies for production, ecology and life: relying
on the new channel of the Qinhuai River to construct an industrial integration system, building an adaptive ecology system based on the concept of
“Three Waters in One”, and creating the life field of the water town where people and guests blend together. It not only provides guidance for the
promotion of rural multi-functional transition and development, but also explores possible ways to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization
and strengthen the construction of ecological civilization. |
| Key words: Water System Rural Transformation Multifunctional Rural Rural Planning Rural Revitalization |
