| 摘要: |
| 温州全域遍布低山丘陵，卧于江
流，濒临海洋，独特的地理环境造就了迥
异的气象，在这样的气象背景下温州传统山
岳空间道教洞天福地被赋予更甚的“神仙”
色彩。重点关注其云雾、潮汐、海市蜃楼等
气象景观，结合史料逐一呈现温州洞天福地
中的气象景观表征，并对比温州与渤海湾地
区之间地理结构、道教聚集、气象景观的耦
合关系，阐明温州洞天福地在气象景观视角
下的地域性特色及其区域性的研究价值。此
外，从洞天福地的核心思想出发，探讨洞天
福地气象景观与理想人居环境之间的渊源。
该研究旨在发掘更多洞天福地气象景观资源
的自然与人文价值，以洞天福地为名山胜境
的代表，为洞天福地的道教风景名山建设提
供一定的借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 气象景观 温州洞天福
地 理想人居环境 道教风景名山 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220217 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Reasearch on the Meteorological Landscape of Famous Taoism Mountains: A Case Studyof Wenzhou “Taoism Nature Sanctuary” (TNS) |
|
DONG Haina,JIN Hexian
|
| Abstract: |
| In traditional Chinese gardens, the products without artificial traces are emphasized.
The meteorological landscape is formed by the nature which makes the scenery natural. The
boundless meteorological landscape is an important climatic resource in the scenic spot—“Taoist
Nature Sanctuary” (TNS). The combination of meteorological landscape and other landscapes
often presents a unique artistic conception, which has the function of cultivating landscape.
And the characteristics of meteorological landscaping involve three dimensions of time,
space and perception, which can fully affect people’s feelings about the landscape. With the
increasing attention to the construction and development of Chinese traditional Taoist mountains,
meteorological landscapes have gradually received attention as a natural tourism resource.
Taking the traditional Chinese Taoist garden Wenzhou “Taoist Nature Sanctuary”
(TNS) as the carrier, combined with the geographical and cultural background of Wenzhou
and the theory of “Taoist Nature Sanctuary” (TNS), it clarifies the connection between the
meteorological landscape and the TNS in Wenzhou.
From its geographical environment, Wenzhou is full of low mountains and hills, with the
Donggong Mountains and Kuocang Mountains in the west, and the Yandang Mountains in the
middle. In addition, there are many rivers in the territory, mainly including Ou River, Feiyun
River and Ao River. And Wenzhou is adjacent to the East China Sea. Wenzhou has a unique
geographical environment with mountains behind and facing the sea that makes Wenzhou
have strong marine characteristics. This feature has brought a series of distinct meteorological
landscapes to Wenzhou TNS, such as abundant clouds, mist and mirages. Also, there are
many records of unique meteorological landscapes in ancient Wenzhou. It is confirmed that
these meteorological landscapes does exist in this area. Further, it is combined with the
meteorological landscape historical records of each Wenzhou TNS (The 18th TNS Huagai
Mountain, The 3rd TNS Xianke Mountain, the 12th TNS Daruoyan, the 28th TNS Taoshan, and
the 29th TNS Sanhuangjing). It can be seen that there is a great relationship between Wenzhou
TNS and the meteorological landscape.
Comparing Wenzhou area with the Bohai Bay area, it is found that they have a
coupled geo-spatial structure and meteorological landscape. Not only do they have similar
longitude zonal laws, but also there is also a subtle connection in geographical space. Similargeographical features have prompted the two to form a similar meteorological landscape. The two places are also Taoist gathering places, and the
same meteorological landscape promoted by the coupled geographical environment reflects the importance of meteorological landscape in the study
of TNS. It highlights the more regional characteristics of Wenzhou TNS from the perspective of meteorological landscape. The research value of the
regional research of TNS is also more manifested from this perspective.
The core of TNS is the idea of immortals, which extends from the core idea to the environmental elements of the “fairyland”, while the
environmental elements of fairyland mainly include clouds, mist, mirages, etc. This kind of meteorological landscape has become a special cultural
landscape under the theoretical support of the supernatural thoughts of the TNS, providing the dual perspective of the integration of humanity and
nature for the protection and construction of the landscape.
The attention to the meteorological landscape is able to emphasize the theoretical core of TNS, and this kind of landscape shows the unique
charm of life. The eternal charm of life displayed by the meteorological landscape corresponds to the ecological thought in the TNS theory. The
meteorological landscape can not only add a touch of brilliance to the landscape, but also the life foundation of the landscape. what behind the
“fairyland” environment created by the meteorological landscape is an ideal model of human settlements. The “fairyland” environment rendered by
natural meteorological landscapes such as clouds and mist is undoubtedly a warm and humid environment with a comfortable microclimate. The
good clouds and mist conditions can be concluded that the hydrological conditions are naturally abundant. The rich hydrological conditions make
the surrounding vegetation grow lush that forms a superior natural environment. This environment further breeds such a meteorological landscape.
The good environment and meteorological landscape complement each other. As a space environment for “cultivating immortals”, TNS has
gradually developed into an excellent environment with “self-cultivation” and excellent landscape in combination with the mysterious and unique
meteorological landscape.
TNS is not only a Taoist space, but also scenic area. Such a meteorological landscape can undoubtedly add ornamental value and increase its
popularity, playing a certain role in the future construction of TNS in Wenzhou. Taking TNS as the representative of famous scenic mountains,
it is hoped that more natural and humanistic values of meteorological landscape resources can be explored, and a certain reference value could be
provided for the construction and development of famous Taoist scenic mountains. |
| Key words: Landscape Architecture Meteorological Landscape Wenzhou TNS Ideal Living Environment Taoism Scenic Mountains |
