| 摘要: |
| 对传统木屋架结构技艺的演绎是日本
现代木建筑延续传统文化的重要方式。文章以
日本传统木屋架结构为研究对象，勾勒其历史
演变进程，明确技艺内涵；继而通过逻辑推导、
案例分析等方法推演日本现代木建筑对传统木
屋架结构的传承方式，揭示出3条路径：传统屋
架结构模式的重构、传统节点重组的屋架塑型、
传统节点在大跨屋架中的应用，以期对我国当下
的木建筑设计有所启迪。 |
| 关键词: 日本 传统 木屋架 技艺 现代
演绎 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220211 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研项目（2022CDJXY-014）；天
津市研究生科研创新项目（2019YJSB164） |
|
| The Modern Deductive Path of Japanese Traditional Wooden Roof Structure Technology |
|
ZHAO Yamin,KATO Yuki
|
| Abstract: |
| How to transform the traditional culture after modernism has been a problem faced
by every cultural system that has been experiencing modernity. The response of the modern
architectural design to the traditional culture is usually undertaken by “formal style” so that the
modern application of traditional construction techniques turns to be declining. However, modern
Japanese wood architecture design has a successful transformation of the traditional wood
structure technique. For example, the deduction of traditional wooden roof structure technology
is an important way for modern Japanese architecture to extend the traditional culture. The paper
takes the traditional Japanese wooden roof structure as study object, and deduces its modern
transformation concept and design method.
Firstly, the paper described the historical evolution process of traditional wooden roof
structure in Japan. Through this part research, it can be seen that the traditional wooden roof
structure in Japan has multiple types, rich node construction, and strong correlation between
space and roof structure. These characteristics have become the resources for the innovative
design of modern wooden roof structures.
Secondly, the paper deduced the modern inheritance way of traditional wooden roof
structure in Japan through logical deduction and case analysis. Through the study, it reveals
three paths: 1) the reconstruction of the wooden roof structure mode. Japanese traditional
architectures have formed an abundant wooden roof structure mode, which provides abundant
prototypes for the modern transformation. The modern Japanese architects use the modern
timber to make a new roof structure mode based on the tectonic logic of the prototypes.
This transformation can retain the formal characteristics of the traditional prototype. For
example, The Archery Hall of Kogakuin University designed by Katsuya Fukushima and
Hiroko Tominaga transform with the prototype of a traditional wooden roof structure; the
“Wooden House” designed by “Uchino Architects” studio responds to the tectonic feature
of the traditional post and lintel construction by using small section square timber. 2) The
wooden roof truss molding by the traditional node reorganization. In addition to the mode
of the structure, the construction of traditional roof truss in Japan developed a set of unique
joint modes, including lamination, sunmao, intercalation, binding and so on. Modern Japanese
architects show a strong interest in the traditional node tectonic, and they explore the diversity
of its reconstruction in the construction of the small wooden frames. For example, Kengo Kuma
reconstructed the node tectonic technique in a traditional Japanese “Cidori” (similar to the
Chinese Luban Lock) in the GC Prostho Museum Research Center; Ishii Kazuhiro has beendevoted to the mining and innovation of the culture of traditional architecture for years, he designed the Seiwa Bunraku by improving the traditional
mutual bearing joint technique. In short, the traditional node construction can be constructed more accurately with the help of modern technology,
which makes the wooden roof structure move towards more diverse and complex state. 3) The application of node technique in the large-space
structure. The traditional node constructive technique is also applied to the new large-space wooden roof structure. The traditional node techniques
(such as sunmao) are featured with certain toughness and strength, and they also ensure the integrity of the binding site. There would be a better
effect if the traditional node techniques is used in the new large-space structure. Such large-span architectures as the library of Akita International
University designed by Mitsuru Senda, the Japan Pavilion of World Expo Hannover in Germany designed by Shigeru Ban, Museum of the Sea
designed by Hiroshi Naito are adopted with the traditional node technique. In short, the integration of traditional node technology and modern
structure not only saves a lot of metal connectors, but also endows the new building with traditional cultural.
It could be found that in the modern deduction, the inheritance and deduction of traditional wooden roof structures from multi-angle is
an important feature for the contemporary Japanese architectural design. The extension of the concept, the innovation of structure mode, the
reoccurrence of spatial atmosphere and the reconstruction of form show the new design vitality. For Japanese architects, the traditional architectural
technique does not mean to “come back” but as a “starting point” for modern architectural design. How to apply the traditional structural techniques
in the large-space spatial wooden structure has been an important topic for exploration. Owing to the continuous challenges and study, modern
Japanese wooden architecture makes remarkable achievements in new structural types, long-span, and it also forms a perfect “design-construction”
system. In short, through this study, the paper reveals the concept and design method of Japanese architects’ translation of traditional wooden roof
structure culture, and hopes to be helpful for Chinese architectural design. |
| Key words: Japan Traditional Wooden Roof Structural Technology Modern Interpretation |
