| 摘要: |
| 在气候变化与城镇化的共同影响下，雨
洪灾害成为当前城市面临的重大风险之一。国内
外学者对城市雨洪灾害风险治理的研究日益增
多，但通常从复杂系统工程的局部出发，缺乏对
多维视角的综合性探讨。回顾数十年来国内外
研究进展，总结出当前国际上主要的几类研究
视角：以雨洪设施为主的治理、以规划为重要手
段的政策治理、防灾技术治理及保险、激励、法
规、宣教等其他治理措施，同时也包括治理中的
多主体参与研究。在此基础上，分析我国与国外
在治理思维、治理方法和治理保障等方面的差
异，提出五个方向的研究展望：融合人工与自然
的雨洪设施优化研究，兼顾韧性与协调的规划
政策治理研究，贯通数据、方法与应用的防灾技术研究，统筹市场、法规与教育的体制机制研究，完善角色与路径的主体互动参与治理研究。 |
| 关键词: 雨洪灾害 风险治理 韧性 雨洪设施 规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220101 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:日本学术振兴会项目（18K03022） |
|
| Research Progress and Prospect of Urban Rain and Flood Disaster Risk Governance |
|
ZHANG Yunrui,HU Jiyuan,LI Zhixuan,LU Yuwen,ZHAI Guofang
|
| Abstract: |
| Under the joint influence of climate change and urbanization, rain and flood disaster
has become one of the major risks faced by cities. In recent years, urban floods caused by some
extreme rainfall events have become more and more frequent, and the problem of “looking at
the sea in cities” has repeatedly become a focus of attention.
Urban rain and flood risk governance is of great significance to disaster risk prevention
and resolution, continuous improvement of social resilience and healthy and stable urban
development. Domestic and foreign scholars are increasingly researching on urban rain
and flood disaster risk governance, but they usually start from the part of complex system
engineering and lack of comprehensive discussion from a multi-dimensional perspective.
Reviewing the research progress at home and abroad over the past few decades, this
paper summarizes several main research perspectives: 1) In terms of stormwater facilities
governance, foreign measures have generally experienced the research process of terminal
type, source type, natural type and then intelligent type. Compared with foreign countries,
China started late, but the construction of sponge city is in full swing. At present, there are
still immature performances in the understanding, technology and investment of rainwater
and flood facilities. 2) In terms of using planning policies for governance, the idea of rain and
flood governance is developing from engineering defense to ecological resilience and evolution
resilience. Researchers recognize the possible rain and flood disaster risk in advance at the
planning stage, and also put forward suggestions on the resilient governance of sponge cities
and land space in China from different scales and angles. 3) In terms of disaster prevention
technology, scholars mainly focus on urban rain and flood monitoring and early warning
technology, disaster simulation technology and risk assessment technology. 4) In terms of other
governance measures, scholars at home and abroad also pay attention to the rain and flood
insurance system, economic and social honor incentive system, laws and regulations system
and publicity and education mechanism. 5) In the research of governance subjects, compared
with the traditional hierarchical governance within the government and closed governance
between departments, foreign scholars advocate that the joint governance of multiple subjects
is an effective structure of sustainable rain and flood governance in the future, and Chinese
scholars also gradually pay attention to the interactive relationship of governance subjects.
In general, urban rain and flood disaster risk governance is a system composed of comprehensive governance measures and multiple governance subjects. Among them, comprehensive governance covers multi-dimensional research
perspectives such as stormwater facilities governance, planning policies governance, disaster prevention technology governance and other measures.
Pluralistic subjects mainly include the government as the leading, society and individuals as the common participants.
On this basis, this paper puts forward five research prospects: 1) Research on optimization of stormwater facilities integrating man-made and
nature. It emphasizes the integration of engineering ideas and natural concepts, explore the intelligent and economic management of urban rainwater
facilities through training, and explore the safety construction and investment mechanism of facilities from a multidisciplinary perspective. 2)
Research on planning policy considering resilience and coordination. On the one hand, water resilience is incorporated into spatial planning to
realize the transformation of urban and rural areas from passive resistance to active adaptation. On the other hand, it needs in-depth research
on the coordination relationship between various urban policies. 3) Research on technology from data, method to application. It can explore the
diversification and refinement of data, combine 4S technology with emerging big data and neural network algorithms, and pay attention to the
research of humanistic theory and so on. In particular, the role of traditional technology in rapid, effective and stable disaster response can not
be ignored. 4) Research on system considering market, regulations and publicity and education. Firstly, it explores feasible market financing, risk
diversification and other measures. Secondly, it pays attention to the mandatory and special research of laws and regulations related to rain and
flood prevention. Thirdly, it carries out in-depth theoretical and empirical research on disaster prevention publicity and education. 5) Research on
the role and participation path of governance subject. On the basis of adhering to the government leadership, it should study how to expand the open
interactive governance path among government departments, experts and the public. |
| Key words: Rain and Flood Disaster Risk Governance Resilience Stormwater Facilities Planning |
