| 摘要: |
| 以生态文明为价值取向的城市化模
式，促使了步行交通的复兴，与此同时，宜步
行性已成为高品质的规划设计的衡量标准之
一。现有的宜步行性理论呈现交通与规划领
域结合度弱和实施度低的困境，本文通过行
人服务水平理论（PLOS）的演进分析，借助
城市设计的5D理论和步行衰减规律，提出品
质型行人服务水平（Q-PLOS）的概念。利
用因子分析法，从吸引性、可达性、安全性、
舒适性四个方面，构建品质型行人服务水平
的评价体系。以上海轨道交通站点为例，通
过定性和定量分析，对比场所导向和交通导
向的宜步行性特征，详细阐述Q-PLOS理论
的应用路径，并认为高品质的步行环境和
城市设计将显著提高轨道交通站点的宜步
行性。 |
| 关键词: 宜步行性 品质型行人服务水平 生
态文明 城市设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210512 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Q-PLOS: Discussion on Evaluating Theory and Application of Walkability Under theContext of Ecological Civilization: A Comparative Study of Metro Station in Shanghai |
|
GAO Chuanlong
|
| Abstract: |
| Started in the 20th century, the disorderly suburbanization process, which
first rose in western countries, has contributed to the destruction of the ecological and
cultural environment. In the new era, ecological civilization has become the theme of
urban development. The pursuit of urban development quality will be the trend and focus
of urbanization. There is no doubt that beautiful space and environmental quality are the
basic requirement for the realization of ecological civilization. In the pursuit of urban
quality, western countries generally shift their vision to friendly communities and low-
carbon travel. Since the 1990s, the pedestrian environment of urban construction in
European and American countries has gradually become humanized and ecological. As
a green and low-carbon way of travel, the influencing factors of walkability have also
attracted great attention of western scholars.
Looking at the development of PLOS thought in the West in recent 50 years (1970-
2019), it can be roughly divided into three stages: the stage of mechanical rationality focusing
on the characteristics of road facilities and traffic flow from 1970 to 1990; the humanistic stage
based on the built environment and travel demand from 1990 to 2010; the stage of ecological
civilization from the perspectives of transportation, urban design, social governance and public
health from 2010 to now.
At the same time, China’s urbanization process has entered the second half of focusing on
high-quality development and high-quality life. It should be pointed out that the urbanization
mode characterized with ecological civilization as its value orientation has promote the
revival of pedestrian, meanwhile, walkability has become one of the criteria for high-quality
planning and design. The existing walkable theory presents the dilemma of weak integration
and low implementation in the field of transportation and urban planning. Based on the
evolution analysis of pedestrian level of service, the concept of quality of pedestrian level of
service is put forward with the help of 5D theory of urban design and walking attenuation
law. Using factor analysis method, this paper constructs the evaluation system of this theory
from four aspects, that is, attractiveness, accessibility, safety and comfort. Moreover, this
paper compares the characteristics of place-oriented pedestrian service with traffic-orientedpedestrian service by mixed methods merging qualitative and quantitative analysis, and finally takes Shanghai Metro Stations as an example to
elaborate the application path of the theory. It is also considered that the quality walking environment and urban design will significantly improve
the walkability of metro stations
This paper attempts to integrate the advantages of transportation planning and urban design in the study of walkability. Through the
literature induction method and combined with the actual situation of rail transit station evaluation, this paper selects four factors affecting
walkability from the perspective of transportation and urban design, subdivides them into 24 variables, gives the corresponding calculation
process, and takes two different types of rail transit stations in Minhang District of Shanghai as an example. The application path of Q-PLOS is
discussed. The case shows that high-quality walking environment and urban design will significantly improve the walkability. Q-PLOS method
has positive application value in the walkability evaluation of transportation stations, service facilities, friendly community design, and so on.
Compared with the traditional PLOS theory, Q-PLOS has four improvements, including: 1) the variables of relevant factors adopt the method
of resident survey scoring to obtain the weight value, which reflects the public will and is the trend of social governance. At the same time,
it avoids the subjective defect of empirical method. 2) Integrating the 5D theory of urban design, it is an exploration of evaluating the factors
that are difficult to measure in terms of space and place. 3) With the help of the law of walking attenuation, the theory is more in line with the
realistic behavior choice. 4) It is a more implementation oriented method. The traditional Q-PLOS theoretical research adopts a large number of
mathematical models, and its algorithm logic has high complexity. However, in practical projects, these highly complex models and algorithms
make it difficult for decision makers to use. Q-PLOS is based on the more conventional factor analysis method and ArcGIS platform. It has
operable advantages in due aspects.
The measurement of quality is related to people’s feelings, socio-economic attributes and travel purposes. Different people have different
feelings and satisfaction with quality, and the quality requirements of commuter travel and spontaneous travel are also different. Q-PLOS
integrates many factors in urban design, resulting in some new problems. For example, how much do these factors and variables need to meet the
actual decision-making and residents’ needs? This problem needs further study. In addition, the calculation methods of some variables refer to
the research results of scholars at home and abroad, and their evaluation fit degree at the micro level also needs to be improved in practice. |
| Key words: Walkability Quality of Pedestrian Level of Service Ecological Civilization Urban Design |
