| 摘要: |
| 由二氧化碳等温室气体排放引起的
全球气候变化已经成为本世纪人类面临的
最大挑战之一。习近平总书记在第75届联合
国大会一般性辩论上宣布了中国实现碳达
峰、碳中和的“30·60”目标，而探寻具有预
防性、低成本、长期效益的碳减排途径是兑
现我国气候承诺的前提与保证。首先分析了
中国当前以技术进步为核心的碳减排途径的
不完备性，提出结构调整式减排概念，并论
证了空间规划作为具有引领性的结构调整式
减排手段具有不可替代的碳约束作用，是达
成区域长远碳约束目标的系统性、根本性途
径。进而以“空间规划—城乡用地—碳排放
效应”为核心视角，对空间规划应具有的碳
减排的内在机制进行了分析，明确了空间规划
通过“边界管控”“用途管控”“位置管控”和
“指标管控”四种基本的调控手段作用于城
乡用地的规模、结构、布局和强度四个维度的
变化，形成对区域系统碳排放效应的控制。
最后从“确立碳管控主体”“核算碳排放效
应”及“制定碳约束方案”三方面构建起空间规划的碳排放约束框架，为空间规划履行碳约束职能、促进气候共同利益提出具体路径指导。 |
| 关键词: 空间规划 碳减排 结构调整 约束机制 治理框架 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210305 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC0704700）；
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51878441） |
|
| Mechanisms and Governance Framework for Carbon Emission Constraints in Spatial Planning |
|
YAN Fengying,YANG Yiwei
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere has increased significantly, and the continuous accumulation of greenhouse effect has
led to global warming, which further leads to frequent occurrence of extreme weather and natural disasters.
Thus, global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions has become a decisive issue threatening
the survival and security of human beings and the stability of the ecological environment in this era. China
has been the world’s largest carbon emitter since 2006, accounting for 27.9 percent of global emissions in
2019. China plays a pivotal and irreplaceable role in global efforts to reduce emissions and combat climate
change. President Xi Jinping has announced an ambitious climate target to have CO 2 emissions peak
before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060 at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the UN
General Assembly. Moreover, to quest a preventive, low-cost and long-term carbon emission reduction
approach is the premise and guarantee of fulfilling China’s climate commitment.
China’s efforts to tackle climate change mainly rely on the use of clean energy or energy-
saving technology; technological progress contributed 60 percent to China’s 2017 reduction
in carbon emission intensity (based on 2005 data). However, the “rebound effect” and the
“Diminishing marginal effect” are the two insurmountable restraining factors in technological
progress, which limit the potential of technological development to reduce carbon emissions.
In this paper, it analyzed the incompleteness of China’s current carbon emission reduction
approach that took the technological progress as the core, and developed the concept of
“structural adjustment emission reduction”, as well as compared the main differences between
“structural adjustment approach to emission reduction” and “technological progress approach
to emission reduction”. As a conclusion, the irreplaceable carbon constraint role of spatial
planning as a leading means of structural adjustment emission reduction were highlighted.
Next, by defining the concept of spatial planning, this paper points out that urban and
rural land use is a coupling system of human economic development, social civilization
and ecological environment, and it is also an important spatial object for spatial planning
to coordinate and regulate human economic and social activities. The internal mechanism
of spatial planning for carbon emission reduction was analyzed from the perspective of
“spatial planning-land us-carbon emission”. It’s found that through four basic control means
of “boundary”, “function”, “location” and “index”, spatial planning influences the changes of scale, structure, layout and intensity of regional land use to optimize the social civilization forms and physical space entities associated with
carbon emissions, then improve the social efficiency, economic and ecological benefit in the region, and finally controlled the carbon emission
effects of the regional system.
Lastly, this paper argues that carbon emission reduction approach based on spatial planning is a process in which carbon emission constraint
thinking is applied to spatial planning analysis and scheme formulation, and carbon emission activities within a certain region can be actively
intervened. To provide specific pathway guidance for spatial planning to perform the functions of carbon emission constraint and promote
climate co-benefits, this paper constructs a carbon emission constraint framework of spatial planning based on a three-step approach, including
“determination of carbon emission regulators”, “calculation of carbon emission effects” and “development of carbon emission constraint
programs”. It is quite clear that the theoretical and practical research on spatial planning under the carbon emission constraint framework is still
in the exploratory stage, and it can focus on the following aspects in further research: 1) The tools of land use carbon emission effect assessment;
2) The correlation mechanism between planning elements and carbon emissions; 3) Cohesion and integration of carbon emission constraint
framework and planning system. |
| Key words: Spatial Planning Carbon Emission Reduction Structural Adjustment Constraint Mechanisms Governance Framework |
