| 摘要: |
| 我国国土空间规划体系建设强调资
源保护和统筹，为水生态空间更新从工程型
思维转向生态优先和以人为本提供了难得机
遇。选取新加坡ABC水计划为案例，尝试揭
示其有效提升资源利用效率和生态、社会、
文化等整体效益的途径和动因。在梳理水体
规划理念演变的基础上，解析水生态空间的
管理机构改革与网络治理模式：成立专门的
政府内部工作委员会，制定整体规划框架、
具体实施细则以及相关规章制度以明确权
责，搭建平台实现多部门信息共享和沟通协
商；通过示范项目，培育政府机构、开发商、
公众等多元行动主体间的信任；推行专业人
才计划，建立完善的认证机制和奖惩措施，
调动各主体积极参与日常维护。 |
| 关键词: 城市更新 水生态空间 网络治理 ABC水计划 新加坡 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210303 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51778403） |
|
| Studies on the Planning Concept and Implementation Model of Water Ecological SpaceRegeneration in Singapore: A Case Study of ABC Waters Programme |
|
ZHANG Tianjie,NIU Yingxiang
|
| Abstract: |
| The current blue-green spatial planning of water system in China is restricted by
engineering-oriented water governance. It usually takes a simple construction method of “setback
restriction”, while ignoring the natural hydrological conditions and ecosystem characteristics of
water-green corridors. This caused the rigidification of river corridor, destroyed the biodiversity,
and resulted in the separation of ecological space and built-up areas. Now, China’s territorial
spatial planning emphasizes resource protection and integrated planning. It creates an opportunity
for water governance to transform from engineering-oriented to ecological priority and people-
oriented. The ABC Waters Programme in Singapore is just one of the successful cases. After
15-year efforts, the program has not only fulfilled the waterways’ ecological functions but also
added social functions like environmental education, aesthetic appreciation and recreation. It
has effectively integrated ecological space into built areas at a national scale, and successfully
transformed the water from scarce resources into environmental assets.
Taking the ABC Waters Programme as a specific case, the paper examines the shifts of
water planning concepts, recovers water governance reform, and identifies network governance
mode. It intends to reveal the paths of improving resource utilization efficiency and overall
benefits of ecology, society, and culture. The first path is planning concept innovation. In the
1970s and 1980s, the planning and utilization of water in Singapore emphasized functional use,
negligent and abuse and water-saving recycling. But now water planning has been integrated
into urban development. The ABC Waters Programme permits multi-functional land uses like
green, residential, recreational, etc. It breaks the governance restriction of physical boundaries
and separated function zoning of land use. The water planning pays more attention to value,
instead of cost. The water infrastructure is no longer considered as absolute engineering
projects independent of community, but integrated facilities benefiting social life and
community well-being. The second path is reorganizing governance agencies. Previously, the
development, utilization, management and protection of water resources are in the charge of
different administrative departments. This made integrated water planning and implementation
nearly impossible. In response, Singapore government reorganized the administrative
departments to enable the implementation of ABC Waters Programme. An overall management agency for water resources, namely Public Utilities Board (PUB), was established, so as to simplify the processing procedures of water-related
affairs. A special inter-agency working committee was set up, in order to formulate relevant rules and regulations that clarified rights and
responsibilities of participant. A platform was built up to realize multi-sectoral information sharing, communication and negotiation among
multiple departments. The third path is taking the model of network governance. The program has engaged government agencies, private
institutions, the public, developers, industry organizations and other multiple subjects to participate in the waterway system governance. As the
main administrative actor of the network, the PUB cooperates with other statutory agencies and industry professionals to provide professional
technical support and achieve effective connection of water governance through horizontal coordination and linkage. For example, technical
regulations such as master plan and implementation rules are formulated to provide detailed operating guidelines for developers and industry
professionals to ensure the projects implementation. On the other hand, the PUB cooperates with private enterprises to participate in the design,
financing, construction and operation of the regeneration project. As for the public, the PUB has carried out a series of activities to encourage
them to actively participate in the supervision and maintenance of the regeneration projects. What’s more, the ABC Waters Programme
establishes a complete certification mechanism and rewards and punishment measures through ABC Waters Professional Programme, ABC
Waters Certified, Watermark Awards, etc. This mobilizes the enthusiasm of various actors and promotes the effective implementation and the
sustainable operation of the program.
On this basis, the paper summarizes the experiences of urban water system governance for China’s reference, combined with the perspective
of China’s territorial space planning. Firstly, the planning pays more attention to integration. The waterfront space planning priority can shift
from the management of waterfront land resources to the improvement of ecological quality, the reasonable distribution of resources and
the guarantee of urban security. The water governance can coordinate with urban infrastructure construction, landscaping, traffic and other
special plans to ensure the coordinated development of economic and society and the harmony and livability of urban ecological environment.
Secondly, the water governance need overcome the challenges of multi-department management. The “one department domination & network
collaboration” can be gradually promoted. The major department is in charge of overall planning, construction and operation. The network
governance model can be adopted to encourage the participation of multiple actors and realize the co-construction, co-governance and shared
development. |
| Key words: Urban Regeneration Water Ecological Space Network Governance ABC Waters Programme Singapore |
