| 摘要: |
| 城址作为聚落的高级形态，其空间
关系反映出一定的社会组织结构和文化特
征，一直是人居环境学科领域的研究重点。
文章以内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗地区夏家店下层
文化（距今4 000～3 500年）城址为研究对
象，引入GIS地理信息系统和SPSS统计分析
工具，结合聚落考古、环境考古、历史地理
学等学科研究方法，对城址规模—等级及
其空间结构特征进行研究，得出的主要结论
有：第一，敖汉旗地区夏家店下层文化城址
可以分为四个等级，表现出明显的规模—等
级数量分布趋势，但尚未达到类似国家的复
杂社会形态；第二，不同等级城址空间分布
呈现清晰的布局逻辑；第三，不同规模—等
级城址群可以归纳为四种各具特色的结构类
型，反映出夏家店下层文化城址与社会发展程度。相关研究成果将为进一步揭示史前城址空间分布形态、功能以及区域文明化进程等问题
提供重要依据。 |
| 关键词: 夏家店下层文化 城址 GIS 规模—等级 空间结构 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210218 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51878437） |
|
| Research on the Scale-Grade and Spatial Characteristics of the Lower Xiajiadian CultureCity Sites: Taking Aohan Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region asan Example |
|
SONG Jin,ZHANG Yukun,TAN Lifeng
|
| Abstract: |
| As an advanced form of settlement, the spatial relationship of city sites reflects
a certain social organization structure and cultural characteristics, and has been the
focus of research in the field of habitat environment. Various methods have been used to
study settlements from different perspectives, among which the research on the spatial
characteristics of different scale-grade has proved to be an effective method, especially in
the context of macro context, the examination of scale and grade of settlements in a large
geographic area often reflects the general pattern between the evolution of settlement forms,
social development processes and human-land relations in the prehistoric period.
This paper takes the Lower Xiajiadian culture (3 500-4 000 years ago) city sites in
the Aohan Banner (敖汉旗) of Chifeng City(赤峰市), Inner Mongolia as the research
object, introducing GIS (geographic information system) and SPSS (Statistical Product and
Service Solutions) as the research tools, and combines knowledge from multiple disciplines
(settlement archeology, environmental archaeology, city history and other disciplines) to study
the scale-grade and spatial characteristics of city sites, and provide an important basis for
comprehensively revealing the development context of prehistoric city sites in China, as well
as the origin of the country, and the form of civilization.
The main conclusions drawn from this research are as follows: 1) import the data sorted
according to the scale-grade evaluation factors of the city sites into SPSS software for analysis,
and the results show that theres exist four-level of scale-grade division of the Lower Xiajiadian
culture city sites in Aohanqi, which can be divided into super-large city sites, large city sites,
medium city sites and small city sites. The number of the city sites increases with decreasing
grade, showing an obvious trend of scale-grade distribution and a pyramidal distribution
pattern. Low-grade city sites predominate, accounting for about 85% of the research area. The
number of high-grade city sites accounts for a small percentage, and is mostly concentrated on the flat and open northern part of the terrain, but have not yet reached a complex social pattern similar to that of the state. 2) The spatial
distribution of different scale-grade city sites in certain geographical environment is an important way to grasp their social organization and
hierarchical differentiation. Using the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS, it can found that the spatial distribution of city sites is combined with
specific altitude and geomorphology, and the high-grade city sites are generally located in relatively moderate altitude and geomorphological
environment, which is convenient for production and living and has certain defense capability. Also the location of city sites made of stone is
generally higher than that made of soil in same grade. With the decrease of the grade, the location of city sites become wider, especially for
small city sites. Some of them are built on the top of the higher mountains in the entire city sites groups to play the role of observation and
communication. In short, a clear logic of overall layout between the various scale-grade of the city sites. 3) The spatial structure of the city sites
groups are the structural manifestation of social organization and spatial function, and are the product of the combination of human settlement
space with specific natural environment, production and life style. Through the analysis of the spatial structure of the city sites groups, it can be
classified into four structural types: “central type”, “side-by-side type”, “tandem type”, and “twins type”. Those structural types are influenced
by the natural environment (topography, rivers and mountains) and social environment (social organization, cultural beliefs).
The research initially reveals the scale-grade and macro spatial characteristics of the Lower Xiajiadian culture city sites in the Aohanqi area
of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, and enriches the research methodology of prehistoric city sites. The relevant research results provide an important
basis for further revealing the spatial distribution pattern, function and regional civilization process of prehistoric city sites. |
| Key words: Lower Xiajiadian Culture City Sites GIS Scale-Grade Spatial Structure |
