| 摘要: |
| 历史校园景观风貌是由建（构）筑
物、景观环境、空间格局等有形的物质形态
与校园历史、传统、活动等无形的人文特征
组成，具有历史记录、科学艺术、情感记忆、
场所精神等价值。根据在历史校园景观风
貌遗存的组成中，各历史时期的校园景观风
貌遗存所占比重的相互关系，可将历史校园
归纳为“单一风貌主导型”和“多时期风貌
杂糅型”两类。此外，还有一些历史校园仅
遗留下了个别单体遗存，遗存间的时空联系
性较弱，本文将其归纳为“散点遗存型”。历
史校园从属于文化景观遗产范畴。城市历史
景观（HUL）是文化景观遗产保护的景观方
法，运用HUL的理论及方法，对历史校园景
观风貌进行保护更新研究，在校园动态发展
的前提下，针对不同类型的历史校园，提出保
护方法及更新策略,实现历史校园景观风貌
更好的保护和延续。 |
| 关键词: 文化景观 城市历史景观 高校历史
校园 景观风貌 保护更新 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210217 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广州市哲学社科规划2021年度课题— ? —广州大典专
项课题（2021GZDD05） |
|
| The Preservation and Regeneration of Historic Campus on the Basis of Historic UrbanLandscape Approach |
|
ZHUO Zhihui,LIU Hui
|
| Abstract: |
| Historic campus refers to a campus which built for education and teaching which still
mainly used for higher education. It has a long history of development, preserves several historic
relics and rich cultural connotations, and can fully reflect the traditional pattern and historic
landscape character. Historic campus landscape character is composed of tangible material forms
like architecture, landscape environment, spatial pattern and intangible humanistic characteristics
like history, tradition and activities.
The change of the types of heritage conservation unit in campus from single building to
buildings and sites reflects that the scope of campus heritage preservation in China extends from
single building to spatial patterns. The focus of academic and industrial fields’ discussions on
campus preservation has also gradually extended from cultural relics and historic buildings to
landscape character. This is a concrete manifestation of the trend of international cultural heritage
preservation in the field of campus heritage protection in China.
Since the establishment of the historic campus, each historic period has left its mark in the
physical space form and cultural characteristics of the campus. The development of the campus is
a continuous and uninterrupted process. From the perspective of layering, the historic campus is a
collage formed by the superposition of landscape character in multiple historic periods. According
to the relationship between the proportion of the historic campus landscape character in each
historic period, the historic campus can be classified into two types: " single-style-dominant-type
" and " multi-style-hybrid-type ". In addition, there are some historic campuses left only individual
remains, the spatial and temporal connection between the remains is weak, this kind of historic
campus can be summarized as " remains-scattered-type ".
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization adopted “Recommendation
on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)” in 2011.HUL is defined as the urban area understood as
the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the
notion of “historic centre” or “ensemble” to include the broader urban context and its geographical
setting in the Recommendation. It is represented that cultural landscape is about to concern the
field of urban heritage protection.
The recommendation is also came up with the historic urban landscape approach, which can
take the natural heritage and cultural heritage into account while maintaining the characteristics
of the city. Under the background of urban dynamic development, landscape approach is used to
construct the framework, which combines urban heritage protection with society and economy to achieve sustainable development between nature and built environment. In 2015, the World Heritage Centre officially decided to include "Urban Historic
Landscape" as a protection method of cultural heritage in the "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention"
(2013 edition) to guide the nomination, registration, protection and management of world heritage sites. Since then, HUL has become a new landscape
approach leading the protection of urban historic heritage.
The historic campus landscape conservation and development framework under the guidance of HUL was completed in two stages. The first is the
value assessment of each component of the historic campus landscape. The realization of the content in this stage requires a detailed layering study and
current situation investigation, at the same time, the judgment and evaluation of the historic campus should adopt the participatory planning method to gather
stakeholders to discuss together, so as to reach a consensus on the elements and value connotation that need to be protected in the historic campus. Secondly,
according to the contents of the first stage, the value assessment results of the historic campus landscape character should be taken into the campus development
strategy, and come up with corresponding protection and development strategies. Thus to realize that the historic campus landscape character is an important
resource for campus development, and the campus development will not affect the harmonious situation of the historic campus landscape character.
When using HUL approach to preserve and regenerate the historic campus landscape, we should listen to the opinions of various parties,
strengthen supervision and management, maintain and reshape the site spirit, and explore multi-party cooperation. Different types of historic campus
is adapted to different strategies. The preservation and regeneration of historic campus which belongs to remains-scattered-type should pay more
attention to expanding the radiation scope of historic character of individual remains and strengthening the relationship among them. The preservation
and regeneration of the historic campus which belongs to single-style-dominant-type should emphasize its existing unique style while ensuring the
distinctive style of the current and future campus construction. The preservation and regeneration of multi-style-hybrid-type should conform to the
development law of campus historic style and continue the historic context of campus. Combined with the current situation of the historic campus and
the dynamic preservation and regeneration strategy under the guidance of HUL, it can be inferred that the future spatial form of the historic campus
presents the integrated trend of maintaining the current status or evolving to a multi-period historic campus with mixed characters. |
| Key words: Culture Landscape Historic Urban Landscape Historic Campus Landscape Character Preservation and Regeneration |
