| 摘要: |
| 既有研究表明将“被动防御”转变
为“主动预判与预防”的意识或行为是风景
园林关注公共健康的重要发展趋势，也亟待
以科学理性的态度重新审视风景园林促进
公共健康的重要意义。基于此，本文提出健
康影响评价将成为未来风景园林主动干预公
共健康的有效方式与技术工具，在阐述健康
影响评价概念、内涵及其主动干预风景园林
规划设计的价值与意义基础上，从认识与方
法层面探讨了风景园林规划设计未来应用健
康影响评价工具需要解决的关键问题；并基
于健康的“原因”影响 “过程”与健康“结
果”的逻辑，从“主动预防”、“路径阻断”、
“制度保障”层面初步提出了基于健康主动干预的绿色开放空间体系优化策略，为新时代建设健康的人居环境贡献风景园林的智慧提供
参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林，规划设计，公共健康，健康影响评价，主动干预，策略 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210209 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市技术创新与应用发 展专项面上项目
(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0367) ；重庆市社会科学规
划项目（2019BS090） |
|
| Active Intervention and Its Strategies of Health Impact Assessment(HIA) on LandscapeArchitecture Planning and Design |
|
XIAO Hongwei,LI Heping
|
| Abstract: |
| Existing research has shown that changing the consciousness or behavior of "passive
defense" into "active anticipation and prevention" is an important development trend of landscape
architecture paying attention to public health,and it is also urgent to re-examine the significance of
landscape architecture in promoting public health with a scientific and rational attitude.Based on
which, the article introduces the concept of health impact assessment,which is defined as a series of
combined procedures,methods and tools to evaluate the potential impact of a policy,plan or project on
the health of a specific population and its distribution in the population,which purpose is to promote
human health through the testing of various policies,plans and projects.Therefore,health impact
assessment will become an effective way and technical tool for landscape architecture to actively
intervene in public health.Then it expounds the essence of health impact assessment which is to
start from the "cause" or source intervention that affects health,and it can create preconditions for
the "process" and "results" of active intervention in health,and it has advantages on forward-looking
and time-effective,so it has important value and significance when applied to actively intervene
in landscape planning and design.Then it discusses the key problems that need to be solved in the
application of health impact assessment tools in the future from the perspective of understanding and
methods on landscape architecture planning and design,which is that perceptual design methods can
be combined with neuroscience,medicine,epidemiology, psychology,sociology and other disciplines
to carry out health impact assessment based on evidence-based design with objects such as green
open spaces,rehabilitation landscapes,and garden plants,at the same time,it needs the support
of corresponding system design and departmental linkage management.Finally,it proposes the
optimization strategies of multi-level green open space system based on the logic of health "cause"
influencing "process" and "result" of which,and based on health impact assessmen,which includes that
it proposes strategies of multi-level protecting of the natural ecological environment and improving
the quality of green open spaces from the aspects of "protection:protecting the remote natural ecological environment", "controlling:optimizing the structure of the middle-end green open space" and "improvement: design to improve the health quality
of the near-end green open space" at the proactive prevention level,and it proposes strategies of “building a green living space unit for epidemic prevention
and blocking the transmission path of pathogens” at the path blocking level,and then it proposes strategies of establishing a health prevention and monitoring
system of a green open space system from the aspects of laws and policies,technical standards,and management linkage at the level of system protection.
Therefore,the article can provide reference for the construction of healthy living environment in the new era to contribute the wisdom of landscape
architecture. |
| Key words: landscape architecture planning and design public health health impact assessment active intervention strategy |
