| 摘要: |
| 为了更加全面地了解家庭环境对儿
童健康发展的具体影响，文章从儿童对家庭
环境的总体感受出发，基于家庭系统理论、
生态系统理论与环境行为学的整合，以及影
响儿童健康发展的家庭环境相关研究成果，
提出了一个涵盖个人、人际和物理空间的小
群生态系统模型：家庭空间环境（FSE）。并
在相关文献佐证与在线访谈调查检验的基
础上，构建了较为完整的指标体系。这为儿
童与家庭环境的交互作用关系提供了一个多
维分析框架，不仅有助于家庭环境的综合评
估、现存问题的有效“诊断”、可调节因素的
准确提取，还将为干预策略的合理制定提供
较为科学的理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 儿童健康发展 家庭空间环境 个
人空间 人际空间 指标体系 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210208 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078263） |
|
| Family Space Environment (FSE) Model and Index System Based on Children’s HealthDevelopment |
|
XU Shouheng,ZHUANG Weimin
|
| Abstract: |
| Influenced by COVID-19, the opening hours of the spring semester in 2020 has been
postponed many times by the National Ministry of Education, and Chinese students has also been
required to live at home and study online. As the material basis and socialization starting point of
children’s physical and mental health development, family environment has a far-reaching impact
on children.
Compared with a large number of studies on children’s mental and physical health, the
domestic systematic studies on the overall impact of family environment on children’s physical
and mental health is very limited. Therefore, two main objectives have been set: firstly, from
the perspective of dynamic thinking and holistic concept, the conceptual model of Family Space
Environment (FSE) is constructed; secondly, based on the relevant literature and online interview
survey, the present study extracted and tested the influencing factors of FSE, constructed a
relatively complete index system, and summarized its specific application.
Based on the integration of Ecological Systems Theory, Family System Theory and
Environmental-behavior Theory, the present study proposed a conceptual model of FSE, which
includes three spatial levels of individual, interpersonal and physical. Personal space is at the
core of FSE, interpersonal space has the closest relationship with it and has the greatest influence
on it. Although physical space also has a direct effect on personal space, it is not active, and
usually exists as a potential situational factor.
This paper mainly adopted the qualitative mixed research method of the combination of
relevant literature evidence and online semi-structured interview survey. The interviewees are
children of nine-year compulsory education who are specially invited. A total of 36 valid samples
were obtained through two stages of data collection.
Children’s overall feeling is the most intuitive reflection of the quality of the family
environment, because their requirements for the family environment are consistent across
time and space. According to the survey results, 72.22% of the children were satisfied with the
family environment, 22.22% felt general, and 5.56% felt dissatisfied. In all samples, 18 children
explicitly mentioned family interpersonal space, and the words they used mainly included family
harmony, harmonious atmosphere, warm environment, mutual love and harmonious relationship,etc. Most of these children come from the group who are satisfied with the family environment. There are also six children who emphasize the
family physical space, and the words they described mainly includes compact space, small area, more interference and poor environment, etc.
They are basically from the group who feel general and dissatisfied with the family environment. Specifically, as high as 91.67% of the children
care about their personal space, most of them out of the need to protect their privacy. Personal space covers some basic needs of children for family
environment, such as sense of security, sense of belonging, privacy and domain. In the importance survey results of these basic needs, sense of
security accounted for 69.44%, sense of belonging/dependability accounted for 33.33%, privacy accounted for 30.56%, domain/distance accounted
for 16.67%. Interpersonal space includes seven influencing factors: husband wife relationship, parent-child relationship, parents’ education mode,
family atmosphere, parents’ education level, family economic condition and family members’ composition. All of them have also received different
degrees of attention from children. In addition, 86.11% showed clear concern about the influencing factors of physical space stress experience, 5.56%
showed occasional concern, and 8.33% showed no concern. There are 11 children who think these factors are related to learning, and two children
respectively who think these factors are related to health, sleep, quality of life and mood. At the same time, the relationship between the comfort and
pleasure experience of family physical space and children’s home life and online learning has also been confirmed in children’s repeated mention.
The FSE index system has been preliminarily constructed through the integration of the two systems theory and Environmental-behavior, the
effective extraction of influencing factors at different spatial levels, the evidence of relevant literature and the test of online interviews. It is mainly
composed of three levels of influence factors, including three criteria, seven sub criteria and 27 indicators. The system provides a multi-dimensional
analysis framework for the interaction between family environment and children, and is used for comprehensive assessment of family environment,
effective “diagnosis” of existing problems, accurate extraction of adjustable factors and rational formulation of intervention strategies.
The FSE conceptual model and its index system will not only help to integrate the relationship between family environment and children into a
more complete system, but also actively promote the organic integration of children’s welfare and sustainable development of human settlements. |
| Key words: Children’s Heath Development Family Space Environment Personal Space Interpersonal Space Index System |
