| 摘要: |
| 研究以福州仓山万达广场为例，通过
实地调查以及针对广场使用者的问卷调查等
方式研究声景感知对游览体验的影响。研究
结果显示游览满意度评价与景观美景度和声
景安静度均显著相关，相关系数分别为0.577
和0.368。声源优势度对景观美景度影响最大，
而声源偏好度对游览满意度影响最大。城市交
通声是对游览体验产生消极影响的最主要因
素，鸟叫声和游乐设施声也是影响游览体验的
关键声源。使用者社会、人口及行为学特征对
声景感知和游览体验的影响主要体现为，偏
好度与使用者特征关系最密切；年龄对声景感
知的影响最大；来访频率和受教育程度对游
览体验的影响最大。研究结论可以为提升城
市广场视听综合感受的设计提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 城市广场 声景感知 景观美景度 声景安静度 游览满意度 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210117 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:福建省自然科学基金项目（2017J01694）；国家自然
科学基金项目（51508101） |
|
| Effect of Soundscape Perception on Visiting Experiences in Urban Square |
|
TANG Xinwei,XIONG Yichao,YANG Ling,LIU Jiang,QUE Chenxi
|
| Abstract: |
| With the increasing demand of urban residents on the environmental quality of
outdoor leisure space, the planning and design of urban open space is of great significance.
The soundscapes in urban squares are important acoustic elements affecting overall
visiting experience. Taking Wanda Plaza in Cangshan, Fuzhou as an example, through field
investigation and questionnaire survey of square users, in this paper we tried to reveal the
characteristics of visitors’ soundscape perception, the impact of soundscape perception on
visiting experience, and the influence of visitors’ characteristics on typical sound source
perception and visiting experience. The results showed that, the visitors' perception of human
sounds and mechanical sounds was stronger than that of natural sounds, and their preference
for natural sounds was higher than that of artificial sounds and mechanical sounds, among
which bird song and water sound were people's favorite sound. Due to the large flow of people
on the square, the dominance of human sounds was generally high. Influenced by the overall
commercial atmosphere, the shopping mall music sound showed the highest harmony degree.
Revealed by the correlation analysis results, landscape aesthetic degree (LAD) and soundscape
tranquil degree (STD) were both associated with visiting satisfaction degree (VSD), with the
correlation coefficient of 0.577 and 0.368, respectively. The sound dominant degree showed
the most influence on LAD, which was manifested in the fact that the dominance degree of
playing children, urban traffic noise and dog barking showed significant negative effects
on LAD. The preference degree of individual sound showed the most influence on VSD.
Specifically, the acceptance of artificial sound and VSD showed positive relationship. Besides,
street traffic sound was the most important factor which showed a negative impact on the
visiting experience, bird song and amusement facility sounds are also key sources that affect
the visiting experience. It is worth to note that when the perceived occurrences of bird song
exceeded a certain limit, VSD would decrease. The visitors’ social/demographical/behavioral
characteristics showed significant impact on soundscape perception and visiting experience.
Among all the individual sound perception indicators, preference for sound showed the most
relationships with visitor’s characteristics. The older the visitors were, the less sensitive
they were to the sound of music in shopping malls, while the lower the perception of wind
blowing leaves, water sound and dog barking. The higher their education background were,
the lower their acceptance degree of conversation and construction sound, and the higher
their preference for natural sound. In addition, the longer the stay in the square, the higher
the acceptance degree of playing children sound and urban traffic sound. Women preferred
bird song more than men. Visit frequency and education level showed the greatest impact on the visiting experience, among which the frequency of visiting was the most important factor affecting LAD, and the education level was
the most important factor for VSD. The visitors with higher educational background tended to think that the square landscape did not meet
the expectations, which led to the lower evaluation of VSD. Gender, age, occupation, residential status, and length of stay had no significant
difference among the three visiting satisfaction degree indicators. Therefore, visitors’ education level and visiting frequency should be considered
in the aspect of soundscape planning, to improve the visiting satisfaction degree. Through comprehensive analysis of the key factors affecting the
visiting experience, it can be found that the perceived loudness of bird song showed a positive effect on improving LAD and STD of the overall
environment. The preference for amusement facilities showed negative effect on the perception of STD, and positive effect on VSD. These two
sounds needed to be considered as important sound sources in the soundscape planning of commercial square. Finally, the case of this study is a
commercial square, whether the conclusion is applicable to other types of squares remains to be further verified. Besides, the results only reflect
the soundscape characteristics of the time period of data collection, and whether it is applicable to other time periods also needs to be further
explored. The results could provide theoretical basis for the landscape and soundscape design in purpose of improving visitors' audio-visual
comprehensive perception. |
| Key words: Urban Square Soundscape Perception Landscape Aesthetic Degree Soundscape Tranquil Degree Visiting Satisfaction Degree |
