| 摘要: |
| 地缘环境造就了不同城市景观的独
特性。环城湖就是受黄河泛滥影响，河流中下
游平原产生的特殊城市景观。但在发展过程
中，这些城市出现了不同程度的水域面积缩减
的现象，城市风景的独特性也随之消失。淮阳
作为此类环城湖景观保存较为完好的城市，
环城湖的发展历程具有很强的代表性，研究
环城湖的生成机制能为保护和发展城市整体
格局提供明晰的理论支撑。论文在史料研究
基础上，梳理了淮阳的城市景观发展特征以
及此特征下城湖空间格局的形成过程；整理了
在地势低下、极端降雨、河泛频繁、政治经济
转移影响下的淮阳环城湖的形成机制，以期为
淮阳城市的发展研究提供参考与借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市多样性 环城湖 生
成机制 淮阳 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210112 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51878087）；教育部
人文社会科学研究一般项目（18YJA770008） |
|
| Studies on Spatial Development and Formation Mechanism of “Ring-Shaped Lake”Landscape in Huanghuai Plain: A Case Study of Huaiyang |
|
XIE Weishuai,MAO Huasong
|
| Abstract: |
| Different physical and geographical conditions create different urban landscapes.
Ring-shaped lake is a kind of special urban view, which is produced by the river flooding in the
middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River. The Huanghuai plain is not protected by mountains.
The Yellow River does not only provide basic conditions for the development of people in this
area, but also makes this area vulnerable to the overflow disaster of the Yellow River. Under
the influence of this geographical environment, many cities with the special landscape around
the lower reaches of the Yellow River, such as Huaiyang, Liaocheng, Shangqiu and Shanxian,
have been established. In addition to the impact of the Yellow River disaster, the succession
and development of such cities are also influenced by political and cultural factors. After
a long period of development, the urban space contains the local development history and
regional culture, and each city is characterized by its unique history and specific geographical
conditions. However, the rapid expansion of cities has compressed the lake space recently,
resulting in the disappearance of a large number of cultural landscapes in such cities and the
destruction of cultural and historical values, which makes the uniqueness of urban landscapes
disappear. Huaiyang, as a city with a well-preserved ring-shaped lake, is the largest man-made
ring-shaped lake among China’s inland cities. The ratio of its urban area to ring-shaped lake
is about 1:7.98. The city and ring-shaped lake are surrounded by a large number of cultural
landscapes, which are of high research value. The evolvement and restructuring of the urban
spatial structure between city and the lake are very representative. The recognition of the
reasons for the formation of ring-shaped lake can provide clear theoretical support for the
protection and development of the existing overall urban pattern.
Based on the research of historical data, this paper solves the following problems. Firstly,
it analyzes this kind of city on the Huanghuai plain and divides this kind of city into five types
(structured city lake structure, structured city trench, single river structure, irregular city-
water structure, and discrete city-water structure). Secondly, this paper studies the completion
time of the ring lake. As for Huaiyang ring lake formation time, there are no definite historical
records. Nevertheless, according to historical records and archaeological findings, this
paper speculates its formation time. Huaiyang ring-lake city started to develop roughly in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Then, the further development happened in the Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties, when it had gathered in
a considerable size of the water body. Thirdly, in order to prevent the flood from the Yellow River, people built city dykes around the city. The
lake was created when the flood water was held in the dam, so much water was accumulated in the dam that it was unable to drain, resulting
in a large area of stagnant water. One reason for the water accumulation was that the city's low-lying terrain was prone to water accumulation,
and cities were affected in different ways in different dynasties. Before the Tang Dynasty, the water accumulation was mainly caused by urban
waterlogging, while in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming dynasty, it was all affected by the Yellow River flooding. Another reason was that under the
influence of extreme weather, the cities surrounded by rivers were damaged. There were many rivers around the city, and when the rivers are not
flowing smoothly, they would cause floods. Moreover, after the Song Dynasty, the economic center of the country shifted to southern China.
The government had weak governance on the Yellow River, which led to a more serious disorder of the Yellow River. A large amount of sediment
accumulation after the Yellow River disaster caused the ground outside the ring dike to be gradually lifted, so people were not allowed to build
a higher ring dike on the original dike to stop the Yellow River from invading the city. In addition, due to the influence of extreme weather and
rainfall, the water inside the ring dike was more likely to accumulate. Finally, another important reason for the formation of ring-shaped lake
landscape in Huaiyang is the construction of urban landscape under the influence of culture.
This paper, by summarizing and sorting out the relevant data of the existing ancient Huaiyang city lake, calculates the structure formation
process of Huaiyang city lake and the evolution mechanism of landscape construction. It provides a certain significance in inheriting and
developing the diversity of China's urban landscape. |
| Key words: Landscape Architecture Urban’s Diversity Ring-Shaped Lake Mechanism of Formation Huaiyang |
