| 摘要: |
| 受起源于近代西方学界的“基因”
概念启发，我国学者结合人文地理和相关学
科的实践研究提出了“景观基因”的概念。
在阐述景观基因理论的发展时序和理论框
架的前提下，通过分析整理前人文献了解国
内景观基因理论研究及其实践应用成果。利
用CiteSpace对2000至2019年间的131篇中文
文献进行关键词共现分析，得出目前国内景
观基因主要研究领域为：一、文化基因视角
下的地方认同构建；二、景观基因的识别、
提取、分类原理与方法；三、景观基因信息
图谱的构建与表达。结合图表对国内景观基
因的主要研究领域进行详细说明，简要剖析
和总结各研究领域取得的成果。最后，进一
步阐述景观基因理论研究成果在文化遗产
传承与保护、城乡景观规划与改造、旅游规
划与开发等方面的实际运用并对研究趋势进
行分析和展望。可知经过一段时间的发展，国内景观基因理论逐渐形成了较成熟的理论体系，但研究内容还有待丰富，且尚缺乏具有普适
性的标准识别范式和高效的基因识别方法，其理论的应用仍然有待被进一步推广。 |
| 关键词: 景观基因 传统聚落 地方文化 研究进展 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210111 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51968012）；教育部人文
社会科学研究青年基金项目（19YJC850027） |
|
| Research Progress on Landscape’s Gene Theory and Its Utilization in China |
|
JIANG Siheng,FAN Yaming,ZHENG Wenjun
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the concept of “gene” was formally put forward, it has been widely used
in various disciplines. In the 1860s, Gregor Mendel proposed that genetic factors were the
key units controlling biological traits. In the early 20th century, there was a breakthrough in
the study of gene theory. In 1909, the word gene officially appeared in the book principles
of precise genetics by the Danish geneticist Johansson. The following year, the American
geneticist Morgan came to the conclusion in his experiments on drosophila that genes are
transmitted accurately from generation to generation with chromosomes as carriers, so that the
offspring can inherit similar traits of the previous generation, that is, genetic characteristics.
From the biological point of view, on the one hand, genes can use chromosomes as carriers for
faithful self-replication; on the other hand, under the influence of internal and external factors,
genes will produce mutations or variations, and replace the original genes with new gene
types. Inspired by genetic inheritance, scholars in the field of social sciences began to explore
the basic elements of cultural inheritance and its inheritance and change characteristics. In the
1950s, American scholar Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Clark Hung put forward the hypothesis
that cultural gene is the basic unit in human culture, has similar characteristics and biological
gene, there are self-replicating, and the phenomenon of "mutation and variation. In 1976, the
British evolutionary theorists Richard Dawkins in his book The Selfish Gene for the first time
put forward the Meme (memes, namely the cultural genes), officially introduced the concept
of “genetic” social science research field, and subsequently derived Meme theory (Memetics),
also known as the “cultural genetics”. Meme, as a unit of cultural transmission, has the same
evolutionary process of replication (imitation), variation and selection as biological genes.
Meme covers a wide range of specific contents. Moritz E, a scholar, believes that Meme is all
units of spreading culture, including religion, news, knowledge, ideas, habits, customs and
even more specific architecture and landscape, etc. Dawkins' student, Susan Black Moore,
defined meme as the basic unit of cultural heredity in her book Mimi Machine, and cultural
landscape gene was the evolutionary rule of cultural landscape inheritance, variation and
selection. In the 1990s, Chinese scholar Liu Peilin firstly put forward the concept of “landscape
gene” by combining the concept of “cultural gene” with the practical research of human geography, landscape ecology and other related disciplines. He believes that “landscape gene” is the essence that causes differences between
different cultural landscapes. Like biological genes, it has uniqueness, replication and variability. The theory of “landscape gene” is based on
the technical concept of biology and integrates the theories and research methods of architecture, geography, history and other disciplines. Its
theoretical framework mainly includes studying the intrinsic characteristics, external expression and inheritance characteristics of traditional
settlement landscape, proposing the identification method of landscape gene, and constructing landscape gene map, so as to reveal the spatial
pattern and floristic division of traditional settlement. Based on the keyword co-occurrence analysis of 131 related literatures from 2000 to 2019
by bibliometric software, the general research status of landscape gene theory in China is obtained. The main research fields of landscape gene
are: 1) Perception and identification of landscape gene from the perspective of cultural gene; 2) Principles and methods of recognition, extraction
and classification of landscape gene; 3) Construction and expression of landscape gene information atlas. The research cases are mainly
distributed in Sichuan, Hunan and Guangxi Province in China, in which the traditional settlements in Hunan Province are the majority, while
the traditional settlements in Shanxi and Gansu are the main research objects in the northern region. Secondly, the importance and necessity
of landscape gene theory research are pointed out by revealing the role of landscape genes in the construction of local cultural identity. The
previous researches show that the construction of local cultural is a continued process, in which landscape genes and local cultural identity are
interrelated, both of them are important for the protection and inheritance of traditional settlement culture and landscape. The writer summarized
the principles and methods of landscape gene recognition, extraction and classification, the construction and expression of landscape gene map,
and the main achievements of landscape gene theory research in practice briefly in the following. In that way, the previous research results are
further sorted out and highly summarized. Finally, the future research trend of landscape gene theory is prospected, and the problems to be
solved in theory construction and practical application are put forward. |
| Key words: Landscape Gene Traditional Settlements Local Culture Research Progress |
