| 摘要: |
| 生态承载力是评价可持续发展的重
要参考之一，也是多学科关注的热点与前沿
问题。本文在综述国内外区域生态承载力研
究的基础上，梳理了生态承载力概念及其内
涵的演变过程，评述了常用的评价方法及其
指标要素，总结了各评价方法及指标选择的
优缺点。最后探讨了目前生态承载力研究存
在的主要问题及未来的研究趋势。本文对厘
清生态承载力概念及推动评价方法、指标的
普适性具有重要理论及现实意义。 |
| 关键词: 生态承载力 评价方法 指标 区域 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210108 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0704703、
2018YFC0704705）；福建省自然科学青年基
金（2019J05037） |
|
| Review on Evaluation Methods and Indices of Regional Ecological Carrying Capacity |
|
GAO Xihong,XU Wenhao,LIN Yuchen,LIU Jiang
|
| Abstract: |
| Ecological carrying capacity is an important reference for the evaluation of
sustainable development, attracting focuses from multidisciplinary areas. From the perspective
of sustainable development, ecological carrying capacity has become one of the most important
indices to measure the sustainable development of regions, nature reserves, cities and urban
agglomerations. Many studies have discussed and analyzed the concept, connotation, evaluation
methods and index elements of ecological carrying capacity from a single perspective. Based on
the definition and understanding of the concept of ecological carrying capacity, this study makes
a comprehensive review of the existing researches on the demand of land space planning.
On the basis of summarizing the research of regional ecological carrying capacity, the
authors summarized the evolution of the concept and connotation of ecological carrying
capacity, reviewed the commonly used evaluation methods, calculation formulas and indices
from three aspects, i.e., resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity and
human support. As there is a big difference in the index selection of different evaluation
methods, the authors also compared and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each
evaluation method and index selection. Major findings are summarized as following:
In terms of resource carrying capacity, as water resource carrying capacity, land resource
carrying capacity and forest resource carrying capacity are the main resource endowments
affecting regional sustainable development, evaluation methods and indices of the three kind
of resource carrying capacity were reviewed and summarized.
The impacts of water environment, atmospheric environment and soil environment on
human beings are more direct and widely studied. Environmental carrying capacity is not
only concerned with the largest population in the region, but also with regard to economic
scale, human survival, economic development's tolerance and assimilation capacity for
environmental space occupation, destruction and pollution.
The index system of human supporting reflects human's ability to support and feedback
the natural ecosystem. The definition and emphasis of human support change with different
research objects. In the research of resource carrying capacity, human support force is mainly
used as the subsystem of the index system to carry out auxiliary evaluation and decision-
making, and to reflect the supporting role of human to the natural ecology. Theresearch
methods are mainly adopting a comprehensive evaluation approach.
The authors discussed the four main problems in the current ecological carrying capacity research: 1) the concept and connotation have not been finalized; 2) the index system needs to be improved; 3) the quantitative method is not
mature; 4) the related indices are dynamic. At present, the research fields of ecological carrying capacity are more diversified and the scope of
application is wider. From the beginning of single-element resource carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity to the research of
complex system carrying capacity, the application scope ranges from the initial animal husbandry to various fields of human social and economic
activities.
The authors pointed out that, the development of ecological carrying capacity in the future may have the following four major trends:
1) The evaluation model will develop into a composite model system, forming a multilevel and three-dimensional model system, and finally
realize the digitization of the composite ecosystem.
2) Auxiliary methods will be more abundant, and the participation and combination of modern new technologies will surely provide more
accurate and complete quantitative research results for carrying capacity researches.
3) Dynamic simulation will be further developed to more accurately reflect the multiple, complex and dynamic characteristics of ecological
carrying capacity.
4) The research results need to reflect the appropriate population scale, and the ecological carrying capacity evaluation results will be linked
to the determined population scale, so that the research results are more intuitive and referential.
The research has important theoretical and practical significance for clarifying the concept of ecological carrying capacity and promoting
the universality of evaluation methods and indices. |
| Key words: Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation Methods Index Region |
