| 摘要: |
| 英国低碳建筑从崇尚自然的绿色精
神起始，跟随世界绿色建筑、低能耗建筑发
展，引领低碳建筑实践，具有重视围护结构
保温、地域优势资源利用（如风能）、可持续
能源利用（太阳能）等特点，形成地域高技
术特色和完善的法律法规体系。随着可持续
住宅标准（CSH）的实施，低碳观念获得了全
面贯彻和常态化发展，英国低碳建筑对我国
当前建筑发展具有较高的借鉴价值。 |
| 关键词: 低碳建筑 法规体系 技术应用 英
国建筑实践 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210107 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51678481） |
|
| The UK Low Carbon Architecture: Legal System and Technology Application |
|
YU Zhichun
|
| Abstract: |
| The UK is world-leading in the field of low carbon architecture. With the
constraints of a sound building regulations system and the support of effective emission
reduction technologies, and since the UK government announced CSH (Code for Sustainable
Homes) in 2006, the normal development of low carbon architecture in the UK has become
building daily now. After the new residential buildings achieved zero-carbon emissions in
2016, the scope of implementation of the zero-carbon standard was further expanded, and new
commercial buildings also achieved zero-carbon emissions in 2019. Other public buildings,
due to their important social impact, have taken the various new and high energy-saving
technology before the promulgation of CSH, leading the low carbon development. At this point,
low carbon architecture in the UK have completed the popularization of new buildings, and
are about to enter a deeper stage of development. This article traces its historical development,
and finds that low carbon architecture in the UK started from advocating the green spirit of
nature, and gradually matured following the development of world green architecture and
low-energy buildings, etc. Subsequently, in the 1990s, the UK green architecture focused on
natural ventilation, using renewable solar energy and rainwater, and achieving sustainability
of the building through passive design strategies. Since the 21st century, the research focus
has shifted from green architecture to low carbon architecture. Low carbon architecture
continues energy-saving and low-energy-consumption building technologies. Conceptually
and operationally, the low carbon architecture is clearer and more specific than concepts such
as ecological architecture and green buildings, and become an important part of the global
construction industry. The low carbon architecture refers to reducing the use of fossil energy,
improving energy efficiency, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions during the entire life cycle
of building materials and equipment manufacturing, construction and building use. The UK
has a temperate maritime climate, under the influence of the unique climate, based on passive
technology, under the constraints and promotion of sound regulations, and supplemented by the
popular low carbon living concept, low carbon architecture in the UK are unique, pragmatic,
effective, regional, and high-tech. The UK building code system is divided into four levels:
act, regulation, approved document, and standards. It is complete, urban-rural integration of
low carbon related laws and regulations, from the evaluation system to the instruction manual,
and it guarantees the implementation of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies
of low carbon architecture. Attach importance to the insulation of the envelope structure and the utilization of wind energy which is a technical choice, and regional & technical characteristics starts from the local climate. Particular
attention is paid to the insulation of the enclosure constructure. The use of regional advantages of sustainable wind energy and solar energy,
and the emphasis on the thermal insulation of the enclosure structure from the regional climate are worthy of appreciation. It focused on the
material selection and shape of walls, doors, and windows’ design, and implanting new materials and technologies, further more exploring new
forms and spatial expressions outside of the masonry tradition. In addition, the PV panels have become the basic configuration of UK low carbon
architecture. Photovoltaic power generation also transforms the building from a single energy use and passive solar energy utilization to an
active building for generating capacity. The building will also become a place for energy production. Following the technological progress of the
times, low carbon architecture in the UK have transformed from passive buildings to active buildings. Moreover, the UK is surrounded by the
sea, and has strong wind power. It has the advantage of wind power generation, about half of the world’s offshore wind power generation is in the
UK. There are also attempts to install micro-wind power generation devices in buildings. However, due to high noise and vibration, residents’
acceptance is not high, and the actual application is not popular. However, wind energy utilization has always been a characteristic part of UK
low carbon architecture, while this point has historical origins. Technological dependence and high-cost investment are worthy of reflection.
Excessive technological dependence makes the actual energy saving effect unsatisfactory. Finding suitable technologies and seeking simple,
easy-to-follow and economical low carbon architecture technologies also have practical significance. The development and characteristics of low
carbon architecture in the UK are meaningful for reference. Analyzing and researching the UK low carbon architecture, especially from the legal
system and technology application will have positive reference value and promote the sustainable development of Chinese architecture. The UK
experiences have extensive learning value for the world’s low carbon architecture. |
| Key words: Low Carbon Architecture Legal System Technology Application The UK Architectural Practice |
