| 摘要: |
| 在“脱贫攻坚”和“乡村振兴”的政
策背景下，城市资本与城镇发展目光逐渐向
乡村转移，乡村建设的实践活动逐渐增多，但
是资本投入所实现的效益却不尽人意，建筑
师介入乡村的美好愿景与现实状况也相去甚
远。通过重读“建筑学语言”的内涵，发现在
乡村建设过程中需要多层次多维度的眼光去
审视乡村，由此解读出“乡土再造”的具体内
涵。从乡村建设实践的实际状况来看，正是
由于“再造内容理解片面、再造主体认识混
淆”等问题的普遍存在，才导致乡村建筑学
语言的“失语”和生长停滞。通过回顾青海省
湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践，印证了乡土再
造不仅仅是乡村物质空间实体的再造，最根
本是乡村底层集体思维的再造，而在此过程中，乡土再造的主体是村民自己，“设计师介入乡村”应当扮演“参与者”的角色，通过驻场设计
引导的方式融入到当地乡土建筑学语言的底层集体思维中，如此引导乡村自发修补的集体意识
才是乡村生长的动力之源，并能形成一种可持续的乡村建设模式。 |
| 关键词: 建筑学语言 乡土再造 共同缔造 再造共同体 底层集体思维 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210105 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Vernacular Reconstruction: The Expression of Architectural Language in Process of JointCreation: A Case Study of Joint Creation of Heicheng Village in Huangzhong District,Qinghai Province |
|
SU Tong,LIU Huilong,WANG Yu
|
| Abstract: |
| Under the policy background of “poverty-alleviation projects” and “rural revitalization”,
social capital and urban development gradually transfer to countryside. Although the rural
construction activities are gradually increasing, the benefits of capital investment are not satisfactory,
and architect’s will is far from reality. By recapping the connotation and expression of “architectural
language”, three levels of expression of “vernacular architectural language” are deduced: the “surface
layer” corresponds to the physical space entity; the “middle layer” behind the “surface layer” reflects
its unique natural-humanistic environment, that is, the overall vernacular environment; the “deep
layer” is the logical order of vernacular environment in the middle layer. Among them, the deep logical
order is the core part of the expression of “vernacular architectural language”. Under the guidance
of this logical order, the village forms an organic whole from the “middle layer” to the “surface
layer”. The expression of “vernacular architectural language” and rural development are carried out
simultaneously. In the vernacular context, combined with traditional Chinese thinking, the deep
logical order is externalized into its specific “rural customs”, that is, collective consciousness. This
paper defines it as the “deep collective thinking”. Then, it is clear that “vernacular reconstruction”
does not only include the organization and shaping of rural material space, but also the remolding
of “deep collective thinking”, which is an organizational order to solve many contradictions in rural
construction. By reviewing the joint creation practice of Heicheng Village in Huangzhong District,
Qinghai Province, the two reasons of “vernacular architectural language aphasia” in the early stage
of reconstruction are summarized. On the one hand, the stagnation of rural growth caused by the
decline of village collective consciousness; on the other hand, the architect failed to go deep into the
“vernacular architecture language”. The ultimate aim of “vernacular reconstruction” is to re-create
the village’s deep collective thinking. The cultivation of collective thinking needs to give full play to the ability and subjective initiative of each villager. Each villager has different abilities and different social division of labor. From collective to individual,
it is necessary to systematically enhance the villagers’ subjective consciousness. Therefore, by reinterpreting the connotation of “subject” in the process
of joint creation, it is found that the “joint creation” actually includes two aspects: villager reconstruction community and other professional cooperation.
Through building a system of management organization based on joint planning and consultation, Heicheng Village has formed a reconstruction community
with its characteristics. This system of management organization is a top-down organizational form of the village collective, which can effectively arouse
the positive response of the village collective from the bottom up. On this basis, the architects change the traditional working mode to the “accompanying
rural construction” mode, and carried out scientific guidance on the “surface layer” ( living environment and the cultural environment) and the “middle
layer” (overall humanistic environment) of the vernacular language of Heicheng Village. During this process, a manual was developed: Joint-Creation-
the Practical Guidelines for Construction, which will provide technical guidance for the future rural self-construction. Even if the architects leave, it
will not affect the growth of the village. The chapter of “Transformation and Promotion” in the guideline helps villagers understand the “correct” and
“misunderstanding” intuitively in the process of construction with vivid illustration. It is to help them re-understand the color, texture and life of their own
vernacular. In the process of the design and construction of the Village History Museum, the deep collective thinking at the bottom of the “vernacular
architectural language” of Heicheng Village has been further strengthened, collective construction behavior has been promoted, and enthusiasm of the
skilled craftsmen has been mobilized. Each villager contributes to the revitalization of the village. The practice of joint creation of Heicheng Village
confirms that joint creation is the behavior of vernacular reconstruction under the collective consciousness of the village. And the vernacular reconstruction
in turn is the activity of reconstructing the collective consciousness of the village under the mechanism of joint creation. This process is a collective
activity of the villagers’ reconstruction community. The government, social organizations and architects play the role of “participants” . Designers go to the
countryside to eat, live and work with the villagers, so that “reconstruction” will promote the revoice of the “vernacular architectural language” and promote
the independent growth of the village. |
| Key words: Architecture Language Vernacular Reconstruction Joint Creation Reconstruction Community Deep Collective Consciousness |
