| In the context of the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, the
continuous promotion of rural construction has led to the improvement of human living
environment, and the rich practice of rural governance has opened up new ideas for the
operation of rural society. Rural construction and rural governance, as the key force
of coordinated urban and rural development, is an important means to realize rural
revitalization and maintain rural order. Taking the combination structure and combination
strength of rural governance participants emerging from rural construction activities as the
basic basis for classification, the typology division of rural governance models is carried
out, and the types and models of rural governance of the whole genealogy are constructed.
In the present governance practices, it’s mainly divided into five basic types: administrative
leading, collective leading, social leading, market-oriented, cooperation governance model,
and can be refined into 13 kinds of dominant model: the government leading model, state-
owned enterprises leading model, collective leading model, community enterprises model,
planners and architects intervention model, scholars implant model, religious institutions
leading model, comprehensive enterprise leading model, business enterprise leading model,
collaborative governance model, linkage governance model, common governance model and
public-private partnerships governance model.
Through the empirical explanation of 13 typical cases corresponding to the models,
combined with the background, process and key links of the cases, this paper analyzes the
participation purpose and behavior characteristics of rural governance subjects.
From the background of the cases, they are mainly based on the need of rural industry
construction, the need of cultural heritage protection, the need to solve the original idle rural
land, can be adapted to the downward trend of governance as the realistic background of
governance.
From the process of planning, construction and management in the cases, they reflect the
different characteristics. The first one is integration of planning, construction and management,
the second one is complete separation of planning, construction and management, the third
one is separation of planning-construction and management, and the last one is separation of
planning and construction-management.
From the characteristics of the main body of the cases, the government, enterprises,
the village collective, villagers and NGOs are basically involved in the governance process. The confidence and determination of the government become the necessary conditions for the continuous implementation of construction and
governance. The proper abandonment of the interests of enterprises leads to multi-win cooperation. The ability of village collective cadres to
mobilize resources greatly affects the effectiveness of governance. As the direct beneficiaries of governance, villagers are often in a passive
situation in the process of governance from the perspective of construction. The participation of NGOs has coordinated the interests of all parties
inside and outside the village, and become an effective promoter of construction and governance.
From the perspective of the behavior of the subject of the cases, the diversity of approaches to rural governance has become an important
feature. In the past, it has been expanded in the way of transformation of physical space, supplemented by life and community spirit guidance,
capital and management concept, planning and policy introduction, etc., which tends to focus on the whole life cycle of rural planning,
construction, operation and management. Different models of rural governance are based on different characteristics, which are applicable to
developed areas, urban villages, traditional villages, historical and cultural villages, religious villages and other different types of villages. The
behavioral characteristics of rural construction and governance subjects are shown in the form of rapid promotion, uniform promotion and slow
improvement of governance speed, and the emergence of a new governance form of micro-transformation, which gradually emphasizes that the
subject behavior should conform to the law of rural governance.
The cases show that at present, most villages achieve the governance goals through the external force approach, and the lack of internal
forces leads to the difficulty in treating both the symptoms and root causes of rural problems and establishing long-term mechanism. Based
on the analysis of the paths and costs of different governance types, it is found that there are many problems in China's rural governance
models, such as frequent changes in governance subjects, frequent changes in governance policies and excessive intervention by administrative
forces, which result in the increasingly intensive state of rural governance internalization. Therefore, the construction of regional, appropriate,
innovative and independent rural governance model should become the development trend in the future, so as to provide references for China's
rural governance. |
