| 摘要: |
| 乡村是城乡规划学科的研究阵地之
一，对乡村建设的认知，对学科发展起着重要
的影响。十九届五中全会提出“全面开启乡村
振兴，实施乡村建设行动”，使乡村建设面临了
新的机遇与挑战，城乡规划学科需发挥学科智
慧，积极应对。文章从狭义及广义的乡村建设
概念入手，指出乡村建设的内涵不仅是物质空
间建设，还包括“人”的建设。这种广义的乡村
建设在不同发展时期呈现出阶段性的特征和
建设重点。通过梳理我国乡村建设发展历程，
可看出乡村建设受到国家治理范式、城乡关系
语境、价值观念体系的影响，当前我国乡村建
设面临各级乡建主体对实施乡村建设行动要
点认识不统一、城乡人均可支配资源及其价值
差距日益增大、乡村建设对村民主体关注度不
够的挑战，进而在十九届五中全会精神的指引
下，预判乡村建设的发展趋势，并尝试提出若
干策略建议，明晰新时代乡村建设的方向。 |
| 关键词: 乡村建设 演进历程 国家治理 城
乡关系 以人为本 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210101 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“绿色宜居村镇技术创新”重点
专项（2018YFD1100300） |
|
| The Gradual Process and Development of Rural Construction in China |
|
DUAN Degang,XIE Liusha,CHEN Lian
|
| Abstract: |
| The rural area is one of the research fields of urban and rural planning
discipline, and the cognition of rural construction plays an important role in the
development of the discipline. The transformation and development of the urban-rural
spatial relationship has made the Chinese rural area face a complicated and tortuous
process of transformation and reconstruction. After the Fifth Plenary Session of the
19th CPC Central Committee put forward the slogan of “comprehensively opening rural
revitalization and implementing rural construction action”, many new opportunities
and challenges come to the rural construction, so that we should summarize the rules
to actively respond to the current challenges. Starting from the narrow and broad
conception of rural construction, this paper points out that the connotation of rural
construction is not only the material space construction, but also the ideological
construction. This broad sense of rural construction which presents different
characteristics and key points is roughly divided into three stages in this paper: the
institutionalized rural construction stage (before 1912), the national salvation rural
construction stage (1912-1949) and the continuous exploration stage (1949-present). It
can be found that rural construction in the traditional feudal period shows the result of
the patriarchal clan system which is reflected in space construction or social governance.
Its connotation lies in the division of spatial hierarchy to restrain people's behavior and
ideas, which is convenient for rural governance and management to realize the unity of
social order to spatial order. The “national salvation rural construction” was based on
the attention of builders to the problems of rural areas such as the disorder of national
governance, the decline of economy and loss of cultural confidence. The construction
movement is promoted by different strategies at different levels, such as rebuilding the
institutional framework, developing the economy (promoting rural industrialization)
and cultural revival, so as to realize the goal of national salvation. With the founding
of People's Republic of China, and the promulgation and implementation of the Land
Reform Law, farmers gained the dominant position in the Agrarian Revolution and
gradually the productive forces were liberated. Rural construction activities are faced
with the continuous choice of direction and path after a hundred waste to be revitalized.
Rural society has also experienced a series of changes and adjustments, and rural
construction is also in continuous explorations. Sorting out the development process of rural construction in these three stages, it can be seen that rural construction is influenced by national governance paradigm,
urban-rural relationship context and value system. From these three perspectives, it’s concluded that the current rural construction
in China is faced with the challenges that the main body of rural construction at all levels did not had a unified understanding of the
key points of rural construction action, the gap between urban and rural per capita disposable resources and the increasing value, and
the insufficient attention of rural construction to the main body of villagers. Then under the guidance of the Fifth Plenary Session of
the 19th CPC Central Committee and the spirit of the Central Rural Work Conference, the development trend of rural construction is
predicted. Implementing a process about the mode of construction has changed from “strengthening weak links” to “planning first and
promoting development by categories”, and the construction concept has been changed from “integration of urban and rural concepts”
to “integration of urban and rural total factors”, the focus of construction has been changed from “material space construction” to “human
construction”. It clarifies the direction of rural construction in the new era and puts forward some strategic suggestions pertinently.
Firstly, it’s necessary to make a top-level planning and explore the implementation of policies. With the deeply understanding of
the reality of rural construction in our country, it should do a good job of grading, classifying and chronological work in allusion to
different regions and villages with different development conditions, to promote the formation of a rural development model featuring
county-level government guidance-town government organization and guidance-coordination between village and village committees-
active participation of villagers. And it will adopt the combination of “government integration + social financing + villagers share” to
encourage the government, society and villagers to form synergy and make joint contribution to the construction and development of
the village. Secondly, it will guide rural areas to shrink shrewdly and promote integrated urban and rural development. It also should
accelerate new urbanization under the territorial spatial planning system, guiding villages where conditions permit to undergo local
urbanization and rural development to achieve the goal of overall reduction but gradual decrease, passive decline to active contraction,
and then mobilize all walks of life to promote the countryside to achieve the goal of modernization. Thirdly, it should strengthen the
education of rural areas and cultivate the subjective ability of villagers. Adhering to the concept of joint creation, rural construction
activities are carried out on the basis of full respect for the principal position of villagers, and villagers are guided to participate in the
construction through the way of knowledge output, skills training, ideological education and training. Strengthening the understanding
of collective and public to improve the ideology and labor skills of the villagers, and promoting their nearby employment to enhance the
cohesion of the village and the endogenous power of the village should be activated. |
| Key words: Rural Construction Gradual Progress National Governance Urban-Rural Relations Humanism |
