| 摘要: |
| 河流廊道对城市化区域生物多样性
保护至关重要。为探明重庆主城区滨江绿地
生境质量，选择以夏季鸟类为指示类群，通
过样线法对滨江区域20个绿地斑块进行了
调查，并开展了群落相似性分析、聚类分析、
物种多样性和指示种计算等相关分析。结果
表明，研究区域雀形目鸟类占绝对优势，比例
为78.12%，留鸟居多占71.88%；样地间鸟类
群落结构相似性普遍较低，中等不相似和极
不相似群落各占53.68%和23.16%；鸟类群落可聚为3类，分别对应受轻度、中度和重度干扰的3类生境；各干扰程度生境中鸟类多样性指数均
较低，且在受不同干扰程度影响的生境间无显著差异；位于城乡边缘地带的重度干扰型生境中
鸟类多样性指数均高于轻度干扰型；轻度干扰型生境指示种为白颊噪鹛和白头鹎，重度干扰型
为麻雀。根据以上结果，重庆主城区滨江绿地鸟类生境普遍受到城市化影响。建议在未来的城
市滨江空间建设过程中，应注重绿地生境修复和营造，并同时优化城乡边缘地带土地利用管理，
保育优质绿地生境。 |
| 关键词: 滨江绿地 山地城市 鸟类生境 生物多样性 河流廊道 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200612 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51608064，
51709007）；中国博士后科学基金资助项
目（2016M602652）；重庆市博士后科研项目特别资助
项目（XmT2018065） |
|
| Study on the Habitat Qualities of Riverside Green Spaces in Central Districts ofChongqing: Taking Summer Birds as Indicators |
|
LI Bo,LI Xinyu,DU Chunlan,YUAN Xingzhong,ZHANG Qiaoyong
|
| Abstract: |
| River corridors are essential for the preservation of biodiversity in urbanized
areas. However, the ecological function of river corridors are often affected by diversified
disturbances, such as flood prevention, water supply, landscape recreation, and improvement
of urban traffic. To reveal those disturbances on habitat function, we selected the summer
birds in the riparian zone of the two rivers and four banks in the main urban area of
Chongqing as indicator groups, and investigated the bird community structures and
biodiversities in 20 riverside green space patches by the line transect method. Meanwhile,
environmental surveys were conducted in 20 sampling sites. Environmental elements
including the area, width, plant composition, and human disturbance were recorded. The
Bray-Curtis similarity index was used to analyze the similarity of bird community structure
among sampling sites. Cluster analysis on the bird communities was conducted based on
the Euclidean distance, and the results were used to indicate habitat types. The community
similarity and cluster analysis were performed with statistical analysis software R.
We hypothesized that: 1) the similarity of bird community structures between most
sampling sites should be high against the background of urbanization; 2) the bird species and
biodiversity in riverside green spaces would be generally low, but in areas such as remaining
natural woodlands or riverside parks with good vegetation coverage might provide important
habitats for birds, in which the species number and biodiversity were relatively high.
Results indicated that the dominate species in the study area were the passerine, with
a proportion of 78.12%. And the resident birds accounted for 71.88%. The similarity of the
bird communities between sampling sites was generally low, with the medium dissimilarity
accounting for 53.68%, the very dissimilar communities accounting for 23.16%, and the
medium similar community accounted for 22.63%, while the very similar community accounted for only 0.53%. According to the cluster analysis (Fig.2), bird communities in the sampling sites could be classified into three
categories at the Euclidean distance of 55, which were corresponding to bird habitat types under different interference levels (typeⅠ—mild
interference, typeⅡ—moderate disturbance, type Ⅲ—severe disturbance). The Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index in severely
disturbed (type Ⅲ) habitats were higher than those of the other two types of habitats, while the Simpson index and Pielou index in various
habitats were not much different. Overall, there was no significant difference in species diversity index among the three habitat types.
The dominant bird species in habitat type Ⅰ were white-browed laughingthrush ( Garrulax sannio ), (tree) sparrow ( Passer montanus ), and
Light-vented Bulbul ( Pycnonotus sinensis ); in habitat type Ⅱ were white-browed laughingthrush, white wagtail( Motacilla alba ), and Light-
vented Bulbul; while in habitat type III was (tree) sparrow. Species with the highest frequency in the sampling sites were white-browed
laughingthrush and (tree) sparrow. Results of indicator species analysis showed that there were two indicator species in habitat type I,
which were white-browed laughingthrush and light-vented bulbul, and the indicate function of white-browed laughingthrush was extremely
significant; (tree) sparrow was the only indicator species for habitat type III; by contrast, there was no indicator species in habitat type II.
Sampling site groups classified based on cluster analysis of bird communities accurately reflected the habitat quality of each riverside
green space. It illustrated that birds could be important indicator groups for evaluating the health status of urban river corridor ecosystems.
Due to the degradation of habitat in the urban area, single riverside green space can only maintain biodiversity at a low level. Furthermore,
riverside buildings and artificial structures blocked the communications between green spaces, which resulted in the differentiation of bird
community structures and represented low similarities. Residual natural woodlands (such as S2 and S4) play a vital role in maintaining the
diversity of urban birds, and those superior urban parks provide alternative habitats for effective preservation of bird diversities.
It is concluded that urbanization has general impact on the bird habitats of riverside green spaces in the main urban area of Chongqing.
Scientific and reasonable conductions in water system planning, vegetation community design, tree species selection, and human disturbance
control will contribute a lot to improve riverside bird habitats. Meanwhile, in the process of urban development, we should pay attention to
the protection of critical green space patches. It is wisdom to preserve habitats for birds in the process of developing green space planning.
Moreover, supervision measures and coordination mechanisms in the urban development process should be strengthened. Besides, refining
green space protection policies, strengthening the ecological redline control, and protecting the ecological background of mountainous
environment are essential too. |
| Key words: Riverside Green Space Mountainous City Bird Habitat Biodiversity River Corridor |
