| 摘要: |
| 首先分析了武汉市空间结构和空气
质量（PM2.5）现状，运用WRF/CMAQ耦合
的方法模拟了2015年冬季武汉都市发展区内
PM2.5浓度的时空分布情况，并从城市空间
结构、用地建设强度、通风廊道三个方面讨
论了城市空间布局对武汉城区空气质量的影
响。结果表明：一、武汉城区冬季的PM2.5
浓度呈“单峰型”日变化规律，早上8点前后
的浓度最高；二、PM2.5浓度的空间分布存
在明显的圈层差异，由内向外逐渐降低，二
环内的最大浓度是同一时刻全市平均值的2
倍以上；三、分散式布局、高容低密的建设
模式以及引入通风廊道三种方法都能有效
地降低主城区的PM2.5浓度，但分散式布局
和引入通风廊道的方式会在城市局部地区，
尤其是下风方向形成弱风区而造成PM2.5累积，高容低密模式在降低主城区内PM2.5浓度上的作用最为显著，最大降幅可达87 μg/m 3 ，是
兼顾城市发展需求和改善空气质量的良好手段 |
| 关键词: 城市空间结构 PM2.5浓度 数值模拟 武汉市 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200610 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51538004）；国家自然
科学基金面上项目（51778251） |
|
| Research on the Urban Spatial Structure Based on the Accommodation of Air Pollution: ACase Study in Wuhan City |
|
XU Huahua,CHEN Hong
|
| Abstract: |
| For decades, China has experienced rapid economic development and rapid
urbanization. The population and the size of built-up area in cities have increased substantially.
The complex urban morphology and the use of a large amount of fossil fuels make the urban
microclimate and air quality continue to deteriorate. In the process of urbanization, urban
planning is an important means for the government to manage cities. As one of the core
contents of the urban comprehensive planning, the urban spatial arrangement determines
whether the urban spatial structure is agglomerated or dispersed, thereby affecting the
diffusion path of air pollutants. On the other hand, the urban spatial arrangement also
determines the proportion and spatial position of various types of land (commercial, industrial,
residential, green space, etc.) in the city. Urban planning endows different plots with different
functions, population, construction intensity and other indicators, which will lead to huge
differences in the spatial form and pollutant emission intensity of different plots, thereby
affecting the spatial distribution of pollution sources and diffusion path of the air pollutants.
In order to clarify the relationship between urban spatial layout and urban air quality, this
study took Wuhan City as an example, using the WRF/CMAQ coupling method to simulate
the temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration in the Wuhan metropolitan area
in the winter of 2015. The impact of urban spatial arrangement on the air quality in Wuhan
city was discussed from three aspects: urban spatial structure, land construction intensity, and
ventilation corridors, and corresponding improvement strategies were proposed. The results
show that: 1) The PM2.5 concentration in winter in Wuhan metropolitan area shows a “single-
peak” diurnal variation, with the highest concentration appeared at 8 o’clock in the morning.
The spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration has obvious differences between the high-
way circles, gradually decrease from the inside to the outside. The maximum concentration in
the second ring road is more than twice the average value of the city at the same time. 2) The
decentralized spatial structure model of “multi-center multi-center with multi-cluster” avoids
the excessive concentration of people and logistics in the central city under the circle structure.On the one hand, it reduces the emission of air pollutants in the central urban area and alleviates the air pollution problem from the source. On
the one hand, under the decentralized layout mode, the green buffer zone between the clusters can guide the cool and clean air from the suburbs
to the central urban area to promote the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants. 3) The land use pattern with high plot ratio and low building density
has the most significant effect in reducing PM2.5 concentration in the main urban area, and the maximum reduction can reach 87μg/m3, which is
a good means to take into account the needs of urban development and improve air quality. 4) Using ecological spaces such as rivers, lakes, and
parks in the city to build ventilation corridors, and strictly control the width and construction intensity of ventilation corridors, introduce clean
air from the suburbs into the central urban area, which can significantly improve the air quality in the central area of the city. |
| Key words: Urban Spatial Structure PM2.5 Concentration Numerical Simulation Wuhan City |
