| 摘要: |
| 坪山区是深圳东进战略中重点开发
的集产业和居住于一体的新区。依托于丰富
的自然环境，坪山规划虽致力于打造生态和
健康的生活和工作新城，但对环境指数特别
是新建住区的形态的健康指数的研究仍然缺
乏。本研究对位于市郊、中心市区以及郊野
和工业混合区三个住区的形态和空气质量做
了相关性研究，针对空气质量中的空气负离
子和空气颗粒物（PM2.5），采用现场测量
和数据分析方法，得出地域、空间形态与空
气负离子以及PM2.5浓度的关系。本研究对
后新冠疫情的住区规划建设的探索特别是对
空气质量的评估有一定的借鉴意义。 |
| 关键词: 住区形态 空气负离子 环境质量 PM2.5 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200601 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Air Quality and Residential Morphology: A Correlation Study |
|
JIA Beisi,LIU Sibei,Ng Chun Yeung
|
| Abstract: |
| Urbanization leads to the urban air quality deterioration. In low and middle income
countries, 97% of cities with over 100 000 residents are exposed to air pollution level exceeding
the WHO air quality guidelines. It has been widely acknowledged that the declined air quality
associates with human health and contributes to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, such as
heart disease, lung cancer, asthma etc. Previous studies have investigated air quality in regards
of both air pollutants and negative air ions, respectively. Most researches conventionally focused
on the air pollutants estimation at a larger regional or city-wide scale to look at the determinants
of urban land use planning and landscape pattern on tempo-spatial distribution of air pollution,
or aimed at the mechanism of air pollutant ventilation in the local scale urban environments to
identify the impacts of urban forms or street morphology on air pollutants dispersion. There
have been comparatively little attempts made to testify the correlation between local-scale
morphological parameters and air pollutants concentration at urban sites or street canyons with a
high spatial resolution by means of on-site measurements and statistical analysis. In addition to
the air pollutants, many scholars have studied the negative air ions concentration and distribution
in the forest parks. However, little is known about the causes of negative air ions distribution
in the urban areas. The study mainly looks at the negative air ions (NAIs) and fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) in local scale urban settings.
This paper introduces a research project in Pingshan, a newly developed satellite district
in the east of Shenzhen. Because of integration with landscape, Pingshan is planned to be a
ecological and healthy living and working district. However, air quality especially in the newly
built residential area has not been investigated. The project focuses on relationship between
urban morphology and air quality indicated by NAIs and PM2.5 in three housing estates
located in urban fringe, city center and industrial area respectively, and in three vegetated sites
located near the three residential estates, respectively. The research employs on-site monitoring
to study and analyze the negative air ions, and PM2.5. The study reveals the impact of location
and configuration of urban form on concentration of negative air ions and PM2.5 in spatial and
daily temporal variation.
The results show that there is little difference in the NAIs concentration within the
urban environment from south to north and west to east in the entire Pingshan built-up
area. In the daily trend, the concentration of NAIs in the evening is higher than that in the
morning, and the concentration of NAIs in the afternoon is the lowest. Urban main road is an important factor affecting the concentration of NAIs in urban spaces. The NAIs concentration of urban spaces that is not close to urban
arterial roads is higher than that close to urban arterial roads. The concentration of NAIs in green areas near rivers is much higher than that
in other urban environments not near water bodies. Based on previous studies, water bodies have a significant impact on NAIs concentration
difference in summer. According to the national NAIs concentration evaluation standards, the NAIs concentration of the residential areas in
Pingshan District is in the upper-middle grade of each evaluation table, which belongs to “suitable to very suitable”, "higher concentration
and fresher air”, “country field" and “suburban wilderness”. The concentration of negative air ions in the nearby Maluan Mountain Country
Park is 3 044.72 n/cm 3 , which is 3~5 times higher than that of other green spaces in the Pingshan District, reaching the highest level of the
national “forest level” (Level 1, >3 000 n/cm 3 ). The overall PM2.5 level of the built environment in Pingshan District is very low. According
to the “Ambient Air Quality Standards”, the average 24-hour PM2.5 concentration in most areas is lower than the specified 24-hour average
concentration level 1 limit of 15 ug/m 3 , indicating that the air quality is good. The 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration in Shenzhen in 2013
as a whole is about three times than in Pingshan District. There is little difference in the daily change of the PM2.5 concentration among all
measurement points and the variation of PM2.5 concentration in the morning, afternoon and evening are very close. The PM2.5 concentration
is greatly affected by main roads and construction sites. PM2.5 of areas without main roads around and close to rivers and green areas, is
lower than that of areas close to main roads and construction sites.
This study is insightful in providing guidelines for better urban design whereby applicable morphological characteristics can be adopted to
improve street-scale air quality. Moreover, having quantified the investigation of the impacts of urban morphology on the local-scale NAIs and
pollutant dispersion, this research paper helps facilitate further applications to other high-density cities across China. |
| Key words: Morphology of Residential Area Negative Air Ion Environmental Quality PM2.5 |
