| 摘要: |
| 从规划应对的角度对COVID-19疫
情引发的城市防疫新常态进行反思，认为城
市空间与疫情及防疫具有相关性，但制度安
排和空间韧性才是城市治理从容应对灾疫、
实现灾后高质量发展的关键。为了构建常态
化防疫的新规划体系，规划理念需要向韧
性发展、智慧治理和人文关怀转型，规划方
法需要向构筑韧性基础设施和韧性公共空
间转型，规划治理需要向强化基层面域能力
提升转型。由此提出优化规划制度的体系建
设，强化城市空间的技术韧性和提升治理能
力的综合匹配等具体规划策略。 |
| 关键词: 空间韧性 规划应对 韧性基础设
施 韧性公共空间 规划治理 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200503 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51878285） |
|
| New Normal Inspired by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Spatial Resilience and PlanningResponse |
|
WANG Shifu,LI Ziming
|
| Abstract: |
| From the perspective of planning response, this paper reflects on the new
normal of epidemic prevention in city initiated by COVID-19 pandemic. It is widely
believed that the features of urban space are relevant to the result of disease spreading.
Densely populated areas have always been the high-risk places and virus hotbeds which
can be indicated from living examples all over the world. But well-developed cities
with high population density have better responding facilities and human resources
to defeat the epidemic. Furthermore, public health intervention plays a more decisive
role than the physical features of urban space. Some researches of simulation and cases
show that governance emergency response, traffic control, epidemiology tracking,
physical isolation and other measures can effectively cut off the chain of infection. The
earlier effective public health intervening measures are taken, the better the health of
residents can be guaranteed. The performance of institutional arrangement in urban
epidemic prevention is so important that it brings the enlightenment to the innovation of
spatial governance model in urban planning system. It is obvious that spatial resilience
is the key to governance to cope with the epidemic diseases and keep on developing
after the epidemic. While the potential spatial resilience should be given fully play
in emergency responding by appropriate institutional arrangement. Spatial resilience
means that urban space has the capability of adaptability, recovery, transformation and
learning ability when facing the impact of emergency. To some extent, this potential
comes from technological resilience: the possibility of urban space participating in
the expansion of emergency responding usage; and institutional resilience: the various
public spaces mobilizing under appropriate institutional arrangement in a state of
"social medical emergency". In order to build up a planning system matching the new
normal of epidemic prevention, planning ideologies need to evolve in the aspects of
planning concept, method and governance. From the perspective of planning concept,
the overall stability of the whole society in response to the epidemic situation through
comprehensive measures such as providing resilient urban service system, paying
attention to smart management and reflecting humanistic care are required. Therefore,
it is necessary to reestablish the basic values of public interest and residents' health as
the priority, calling for further emphasis on those three core planning values of resilient
public service providing, smart governance, and humanism. From the perspective of planning methodology, urban planning need to focus on building resilient infrastructure and resilient public spaces: the resilient
infrastructure refers to a high quality built environmental service network which guarantee residents' basic need of living, working
and medical care, providing stable and reliable energy, logistics, information and other functional support for epidemic prevention
and control; the resilient public spaces refers to the planned public space system, including green space, square and all kinds of public
open space, which can be smoothly changed into emergency used. From the perspective of planning governance, government needs
to focus on the improvement and evolvement of grassroots capacity. The vertical disease control system applies medical facilities and
information technology to health monitoring, patient tracking and logistics supporting. Meanwhile, the grassroots sectors do a lot
of work preventing the spread of the virus in community as the front line in epidemic prevention. The coordination between vertical
disease control system and regional grassroots units is particularly important.
In the end, advices of three specific planning strategies are put forward. Firstly, the systematically optimizing the construction of
planning system is necessary for the new normal of epidemic prevention: making the health impact assessment (HIA) as an essential part
of the whole process of planning, constructing and built environment control; improving the public health system resilience with equal
emphasis on vertical disease control system and regional grassroots units emergency response; setting up the emergency state plan evolved
from comprehensive disaster prevention plan as a priority in the spatial planning system; building up the institutional resilience of public
space, including the system design of compulsory use, expansion, expropriation and shared use of public space. Secondly, strengthening the
technical resilience of urban space: building an emergency “hub-node-flow” structured system of resilient urban public space; allocating the
corresponding public health resources and emergency reserve materials with the hubs in the levels of city, district, sub-district and town, and
the nodes in the level of community, meanwhile, creating the emergency flow supported by temporarily deployed place on the construction of
city’s resilience infrastructure system.
Thirdly, improving the comprehensive matching of governance capacity: adopting a much more proactive approach to build up a
smart city, applying big data analysis to identify and assess the vulnerability in order to provide better support; enhancing the capacity of
first medical care and response in communities by doing a better job in the emergency plan and emergency resources reserved in the daily
operation, and sinking the material and human resources into the community matching the responsibility on the grassroot level. |
| Key words: Spatial Resilience Planning Response Resilient Infrastructure Resilient Public Space Planning Governance |
