| 摘要: |
| 传统村落是我国乡村聚落千百年来
的文化遗存，它们既是人类活动与自然环境
互动的结果，又承载着实现乡村振兴的重要
使命。研究以秦巴山区的140个国家级传统
村落为研究对象，运用文献资料分析考证、
GIS空间分析和相关数理统计方法，探讨秦
巴山区传统村落的时空分布特征及影响因
素，结果表明：一、在时间分布态势上，各地
区对于传统文化遗存的重视程度有提升，区
域内保留至今的仍以明清时期发展起来的
村落为主，具有多元丰富的民族特色；二、在
空间分布上呈集聚型特征，集中分布在通江
县、昭化区、汉滨区、文县和嵩县等地区，形成以四川地区为主要集聚区，其他省份有次级集聚区的“单核集聚、多区共生”空间格局；三、由
于秦巴山区复杂的人地关系矛盾，形成了以复杂自然地形主导、人口分布与经济发展互馈的耦合
机制，影响了传统村落的时空分布。 |
| 关键词: 传统村落 时空分布 影响因素 秦巴山区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200316 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51978552）；教育部人
文社会科学基金项目（19YJAZH107） |
|
| Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of TraditionalVillages in Qinling-Daba Mountains |
|
ZHANG Pei,LI Ji,ZHANG Zhonghua
|
| Abstract: |
| Traditional villages are the cultural remains of rural settlements in China for
thousands of years. They are not only the result of interaction between human activities
and natural environment, but also carry the important mission of Rural Revitalization.
There are many traditional villages in Qinling-Daba Mountains, where there is an
important ecological functional area, multi-cultural blend zone and concentrated
poverty-stricken areas. However, the traditional villages in Qinling-Daba Mountains
are declining with the emergence of ecological migration, inconvenient transportation,
frequent natural disasters, labor outflow and other situations. Therefore, this paper takes
140 National Traditional Villages in the first to fifth batch in Qinling-Daba Mountains
as the research object, using the methods of literature analysis and textual research, GIS
spatial analysis and relevant mathematical statistics, and discusses the spatial-temporal
distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Qinling-Daba
Mountains from two aspects of temporal distribution situation and spatial distribution.
First of all, in terms of time distribution, the number of traditional villages in Qinling-
Daba Mountains is increasing, and the overall declaration situation tends to improve,
but there are still 31 counties (cities, districts) without national level traditional villages,
including Hanyin County, Langao County, Danfeng County and Fengjie County with long
history, mainly including natural disaster damage, old buildings in disrepair and villages.
People’s spontaneous renewal and transformation have affected the original style and
pattern of the village landscape, or only individual ancient buildings or courtyards with
historical value are retained in the village, which is difficult to form a certain scale. At
the same time, Qinling-Daba Mountains has developed for thousands of years. Due to
the difficulty of mountain development, the area is sparsely populated, the distribution
of rural settlements is loose, and most of them are inhabited by ethnic minorities. They
have rich and mysterious ethnic customs and tribal civilization, and the most traditional villages formed and preserved in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Secondly, in terms of spatial distribution, the traditional villages present the
characteristics of agglomerative distribution in Qinling-Daba Mountains. At the micro level, they are concentrated in Tongjiang County,
Zhaohua District, Hanbin District, Wenxian County and Songxian County. And Sichuan is the main agglomeration area, while other
provinces have the spatial pattern of "Single Core Agglomeration-Multi Area Symbiosis" of secondary agglomeration areas at the macro
level. Finally, due to the complex contradiction between human and land in the mountain area, a coupling mechanism is formed, which
is dominated by complex natural terrain and fed by population distribution and economic development, which jointly affects the spatial
and temporal distribution of traditional villages. Among them, the natural topography has a great influence on the temporal and spatial
distribution of traditional villages in Qinling-Daba Mountains. The restricted traffic development, inconvenient agricultural production
and difficult development in the high mountain area have brought great obstacles to the development of traditional villages with farming
civilization as the soul. The relatively flat area has a great attraction to human life, which makes it difficult for traditional villages to
get better. The low mountain and hilly areas have become the most suitable area for the continuous development of traditional villages
in Qinling-Daba Mountains. At the same time, the level of economic development being too high and too low is not conducive to the
protection and development of the traditional villages. The former is due to the rapid development of towns and the strong absorption
capacity of surrounding villages, which leads to the serious hollowing out of villages. Meanwhile, the urban economic spillover makes
the speed of village renewal faster, and the traditional style and space are difficult to meet the needs of residents from the bottom to the
top. The latter is limited by poverty, the renewal speed of villages is slow, the overall historical style and pattern are well preserved, but
the infrastructure is backward, the living environment is poor, and the lack of human and material resources is difficult to achieve the
protection declaration and future sustainable development of traditional villages. Finally, most of the traditional villages in Qinling-
Daba Mountains are located in the areas with low population density, mainly because they are located in the border areas of many
provinces, the administrative system changes frequently, the natural environment is complex and ecological disasters occur frequently,
and the population mobility is large for a long time. At the same time, the traditional local social form is introverted and closed, and the
population distribution is closely related to the continuation of the kinship of the village clans. The traditional ideas of " separation" and "
dividing fields" are deeply rooted, thus profoundly affecting the formation and evolution of the traditional villages. |
| Key words: Traditional Villages Spatial-Temporal Distribution GIS Spatial Analysis Influencing Factors Qinling-Daba Mountains |
