| 摘要: |
| 传统村落作为中华农耕文明的载
体，在我国星罗云布的乡村聚落中无疑是最
耀眼的，过往的保护研究与工作多集中在它
们身上，而忽略了数量更多的非传统村落。
本文聚焦于非典型传统村落，以咸阳市泾阳
县岳家坡村为例，采用轴线和线段的句法模
型定量分析岳家坡村落的空间形态特征，深
度解析岳家坡村“一大三小”的空间结构，并
将规划前后的空间形态进行对比分析，以此
得出岳家坡村保护与利用的新思路：保护方
面，应保留村落原有的空间结构，继承原有
的空间序列和生活秩序；利用层面，应依托
现有的空间结构进行适应性开发，而非为了
旅游发展去改变村落格局。 |
| 关键词: 空间句法 空间形态 非典型传统村
落 岳家坡村 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200209 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Protection and Utilization of Typical Traditional Villages Based on Spatial Syntax: Taking Yuejiapo Village in Jingyang County of Xianyang City as an Example |
|
WANG Meilin,CAI Hui,ZHANG Yuxi
|
| Abstract: |
| China’s rapid urbanization process began in 1979, and after 40 years’ development,
the current stage of urbanization in China has gradually moved towards the middle and late
stage. Although the advancement of rapid urbanization has brought about rapid development
of the rural economy, it also brought the negative impacts on the village space: homogeneous
tourism development has obliterated the uniqueness of the villages; the extensive development
mode has destroyed the traditional pattern of ancient villages to some extent. And these
irreversible destructions have accelerated the disappearance of the village’s traditional style. In
the past, the research on the protection of villages in China focused on the traditional villages
or historical and cultural villages in the national directory. However, other villages which have
also experienced the precipitation of history and the baptism of culture and to a certain extent
retained the traditional style and local characteristics have been neglected. This is a pity in the
protection of traditional villages in China. The number of such atypical traditional villages is
huge and their distribution is extremely wide. They are the foundation of Chinese traditional
history and culture. The study of such villages has important theoretical and practical meaning.
How to deal with the impact of urbanization in rural China? How to keep nostalgia?
How to continue the heritage of Chinese rural culture? How to build and develop to achieve
historical mission? Whether the relationship between the protection and use of the village space
can be properly handled correctly determines the development and future of the village. It is
a problem that must be faced and resolved as soon as possible. The space syntax explores the
interrelationship between the spatial organization and human society through a quantitative
description of the spatial structure of the human settlement environment. This method can
study the spatial morphology from the perspective of human perception of space, and provide
scientific explanations of human behavior and social activities. Therefore, it is widely used in
the fields of architecture, planning and transportation.
This paper focuses on atypical traditional villages from a scientific perspective.
Firstly, it analyzes the protection weakness and development dilemma faced by atypical
traditional villages under the background of rapid urbanization in China. This article explains the significance of the study of atypical traditional villages. Secondly, this paper summarizes the application of space syntax in the study of
villages in China from the four aspects of village space form, space structure, traditional dwellings, and renewal models, and summarizes the role
and significance of space syntax in village studies in China. Based on this, this paper takes Yuejiapo Village, Jingyang County, Xianyang City,
Shanxi Province as an example, and based on the spatial syntax theory method and Depthmap software, using the axis and line syntax model to
quantitatively analyze the spatial morphology of Yuejiapo Village. The following characteristics are obtained: 1)On the whole, Yuejiapo Village has
the characteristics of “one big, three small” spatial morphology, retains the traditional pattern of self-organizing evolution of the village from ancient
times to the present; 2)The integration and connectivity of the main street and the surrounding space are at a high level, which means that this place
is the spatial core of Yuejiapo Village; 3 )The intelligibility of the current situation of Yuejiapo Village is only 0.17. It indicates that the local space of
Yuejiapo Village cannot be well integrated into the entire street space system, and the spatial perception from local to overall is weak. It also shows
that the decentralized spatial structure of "one large, three small, and three small" affects the space perception ability of foreign tourists.
In addition, based on the current spatial morphological characteristics of Yuejiapo Village, this paper compares and analyzes the village spatial
morphology before and after planning. From the perspective of syntactic parameter branches, the global integration and intelligibility have increased, and
the remaining parameters have not changed much. After planning, Yuejiapo Village inherited the original spatial sequence and living order, and retained
the original spatial structure of the village. Based on this plan, the overall spatial accessibility and rationality of the village has been significantly improved
through the fine-tuning of the transportation structure and spatial properties. It’s proved that the planning scheme of Yuejiapo Village is relatively
reasonable. Therefore, this paper proposes that in the research on the protection and development and utilization of atypical traditional villages, it should
emphasize the continuation of the village’s original natural spatial pattern. Planners should pay attention to the systematic and skeletal protection of
villages and carry out appropriate development and extension on this basis. In this way, villagers in the atypical traditional villages are kept in contact
with each other and it also can promote the systematic protection and healthy development of atypical traditional villages. |
| Key words: Spatial Syntax Space Form Atypical Taditional Village Yuejiapo Village |
