| 摘要: |
| 充气膜承冰壳结构是通过对充气
膜喷溅液体材料，待其凝结成型后撤除充气
膜形成的冰壳结构，该技术始于20世纪40年
代的充气膜承薄壳混凝土结构。文章通过比
对混凝土薄壳和冰壳的差异性，梳理充气膜
承薄壳结构的发展主线，对其形态设计方法
进行总结。结合“2017哈尔滨国际冰雪建造
节”相关建造实践，从施工方案的拟定与实
践、施工材料的选择与工艺以及施工工法的
对比与分析三方面对充气膜承冰壳结构形态
设计与建造实践进行总结与备忘，并对其后
期维护相关条件与技术进行讨论。 |
| 关键词: 冰壳结构 充气膜 结构形态 建
造实践 冰雪建造 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190410 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省教育科学规划重点课题
（GBB1318034）；黑龙江省高等教育教学
改革一般研究项目；国家自然科学基金面上
项目（51678177） |
|
| Structural Form Design and Construction Practice of Pneumatic Membrane Supporting Ice ShellStructure |
|
DONG Yu,CUI Xue,LUO Peng,GUO Haibo
|
| Abstract: |
| The pneumatic membrane supporting ice shell structure is formed by spraying liquid
onto an inflated membrane, and removing the membrane when the mixed liquid solidifies. These
early ice and snow constructions originate from the Inuit’s masonry “Igloo”. The initial trials of
pneumatic membrane supporting ice shell structure technology commenced with a pneumatic
membrane supporting a concrete shell structure in the 1940s. The construction methods are
similar for both shells, and can be divided into five processes that include foundation preparation,
pneumatic membrane connection, pneumatic membrane inflation, liquid material spray and
removal of the pneumatic membrane. At this stage, the pneumatic membrane supporting ice
shell structure is based on the application of material innovation, which is embodied by the
water-wood fibre and water-paper fibre based ice composite material. Fibres distribute stress
more evenly throughout the structure, and this provides the technical basis for the construction
of large-span ice shells. This paper examines the main developments in pneumatic membrane
supporting shell structures by comparing the concrete shell and the ice shell, and summarises
the design form method for the latter. The design form of the pneumatic membrane supporting
shell structure is based on both the physical shape-finding method and the digital simulation
shape-finding method. The physical shape-finding method uses the pneumatic membrane, fabric
and mesh rope as the template support, with liquid material sprayed onto the surface of the
membrane until the mixed liquid solidifies. The digital simulation shape-finding method uses the
pneumatic simulation plugin from Kangaroo to provide a realistic simulation environment, and
this makes it possible to accurately determine the shape of the ice shell structure. By combining
these methods with the related construction practices of the “2017 Harbin International Ice and
Snow Construction Festival”, this paper provides a summary and a memorandum outlining the
three principal aspects of the form design and construction practice, namely the preparation and
practice of construction projects, the material selection and construction technology, and the
comparison and analysis of construction methods. The preparation and practice of construction
projects considers the “Zhonghua Xiangyun Tower” as a case study, and discusses the five
processes consisting of the “ring beam anchor, pneumatic membrane connection, pneumatic
membrane inflation, water-paper fibre composite ice spray and removal of the pneumatic
membrane”. This is followed by a summary of the differences in the pre-design and construction
practices. The materials selection and construction technology is focused on material innovation
in the development of ice shell structure, with traditional “water-snow monomer materials” and
innovative “reinforced composite ice materials”. The water-snow monomer material has a fast solidification rate with a simple construction method, but its mechanical properties are poor, and the ice shell has low bearing capacity. The reinforced
composite ice material has excellent mechanical properties and high structural strength, making it possible to construct ice shells with larger spans.
However, the solidification rate is slower, the construction method is more complicated, and more wet work is required on site. The comparison and
analysis of the construction methods considers the two core construction activities of the pneumatic membrane connection and the liquid material
spray. With the continuous advancement of construction technology, there are also significant differences between the “foundation construction
nodes” and “spray construction techniques” amongst the various practice teams. The foundation construction nodes include rope connections, anchor
connections and ring beam connections. The main differences in the spray construction techniques relate to differences in the spray material, the
spray equipment and the spray environment. The post-maintenance requirements of the water-paper fibre in the pneumatic membrane supporting ice
shell structure are affected by multiple factors such as climatic conditions and spray standards. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of
the ice shell structure, it is necessary to measure periodically the thickness of the ice layer on the sunny side and the shady surface to determine the
maintenance spray requirements. At present, the construction of pneumatic membrane supporting ice shells is in the experimental stage, and there
are many future development possibilities. Due to the minimal number of construction examples and the lack of relevant normative standards, as well
as the considerable effect of external factors on the construction and maintenance process, it is necessary to propose a framework to transition from
experimental construction to standard construction, and to define the construction process for ice shell structures |
| Key words: Ice Shell Structure Pneumatic Membrane Structural Form Design Construction Practice Ice and Snow Construction |
