| 摘要: |
| 快速城市化带来的民众体力活动下
降导致了一系列健康问题。提升体力活动是
规划设计干预市民健康的重要切入点，对于
两者关系和研究方法的梳理有助于从研究和
实践层面加强规划设计对公共健康的积极影
响。本文首先阐述了建成环境与体力活动研
究的背景和发展历程，从规划设计角度分别
对建成环境—体力活动—健康三者的关系、
建成环境与体力活动的测量、建成环境影响
体力活动环境因素这三个方面的研究进展进
行系统讨论，提出了健康导向的建成环境与
体力活动研究路径，探讨了未来研究的方向
及其对规划设计的启示。 |
| 关键词: 建成环境 体力活动 测量 影响
因素 健康 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190405 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Summary and Enlightenment of Research on Improving Health-Oriented Built Environment andPhysical Activity |
|
MA Ming,ZHOU Jing,CAI Zhenyu
|
| Abstract: |
| The decline in urban residents’ physical activity associated with built environment
has led to a series of health problems. Physical activity can be utilized as an important entry
point for planning and designing. It could indicate vulnerable environmental factors that reduce
the risk of disease and thus improve the public health. The integrity of the two issues will help
enhance the promotion of public health through design and planning. However, no research has
been carried out on the issue of how to measure and define the factors of built environment and
physical activities, which is a critical part to make the research more applicable and practical.
This paper first examines the background and development process of the research on the built
environment and physical activity. Historically, there are four stages of evolution in this field
which indicate that the measurement is becoming more sophisticated and objectively quantified.
Advanced and objective measuring technology would become the major trend in the future. From
the perspective of planning and design, the triangle relationship between the built environment—
physical activity—health is the key gateway to conclude that increasing physical activity could
be an effective approach to improve public health. To further the research, there should be effort
on both the measurement of the built environment and physical activity, as well as factors which
built environment affects physical activity. Firstly, there are two approaches to carry out the
measurement on either physical activity or built environment. No matter objective, subjective
or compound, there are always advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, according to the
literature review, this research summarized six elements through which built environment could
significantly affect users’ physical activity: road connectivity, mixed use of land, accessibility
of destination, walkability, environmental qualities. For the road connectivity, there sub-factors
of network pattern, intersections density, network density, etc. For the land mixed-use, there
are sub factors of Hesiman index and entropy model. For the destination accessibility, there are
factors of commuting time, infrastructure accessibility. For the walkability, there are sub-factors
of walkway density, infrastructures, etc. For the environmental qualities, there are sub-factors of
safety and aesthetics, which subjectively affect users’ motivation of physical activity. The research
progress in these aspects is systematically discussed in the article, and the research pathways of
health-oriented built environment and physical activity is proposed, and the direction of future
research and the enlightenment for planning design are discussed. Eventually there comes up with
three promising research gateway in the future: 1)Enhance the longitude research approach on
the relationship between built environment and physical activity in order to figure out the causal
relationship between them; 2) Add holistic multi-factor research of built environment and physical
activity in order to make up a comprehensive picture of the mechanism; 3) Emphasize the research
on the unlinear relationship of built environment and physical activity which is close to how it
runs in the reality. |
| Key words: Built Environment Physical Activity Measurement Factor Health |
